{"doi":"10.1101/2025.04.20.649707","title":"Evolution of the cellular landscape in mammalian striatum","abstract":"Abstract The dorsal striatum is important for highly specialized functions including movement, learning, and habit formation. However, it is not known if species-specialized behaviors are associated with cellular specializations in the striatum. Here, we compared single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data from human, chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, common marmoset, and pale spear-nosed bat caudate (CN) and putamen (Pu) separately as well as mouse caudoputamen (C-Pu), which represents divergence among species spanning approximately 94 million years of evolution. We observed a lower neuron-to-glia ratio in primate striata compared to non-primates, reflecting the allometric scaling of neuron density and relative glia density invariance in larger brains. Among neurons, eccentric spiny projection neurons (eSPNs) - an SPN of unknown function - showed significantly lower proportions in non-primate striata for both CN and Pu. Focusing on the heterogeneity within interneurons, we identified two bat striatal interneuron cell types that are nearly absent in other species: which express LMO3 , and co-express FOXP2 and TSHZ2 . Other striatal interneurons also showed significantly differential abundance between primates and non-primates. In summary, we provide a comprehensive snRNA- seq dataset of dorsal striatum, identify novel interneuron innovations in bat, and uncover fundamental cellular composition differences between primate and non-primate striata.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2025,"id":557601,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8238,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":710418,"name":"Emre Caglayan","orcid":"0000-0001-5340-8614","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1457746,"name":"Stephen Gareth Hoerpel","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1457448,"name":"Yaqian Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-4692-3033","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1457747,"name":"Ine Alvarez van Tussenbroek","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":706738,"name":"Carlos G. Orozco","orcid":"0000-0001-7886-064X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1022751,"name":"Emily Oh","orcid":"0000-0002-3590-3627","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278986,"name":"William D. Hopkins","orcid":"0000-0003-3480-1853","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303677,"name":"Chet C. Sherwood","orcid":"0000-0001-6711-449X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":780505,"name":"Todd F. Roberts","orcid":"0000-0002-0967-6598","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550055,"name":"Sonja C. Vernes","orcid":"0000-0003-0305-4584","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":29916,"name":"Genevieve Konopka","orcid":"0000-0002-3363-7302","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1457447,"name":"Gözde Büyükkahraman","orcid":"0000-0002-7963-4027","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":90,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:55:17.435961Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}