{"doi":"10.1101/2025.01.26.634924","title":"Striatal cell-type specific encoding stability and reorganization for agency and habit","abstract":"SUMMARY Adaptive, goal-directed decision making requires agency, knowledge that an action will cause a particular outcome. For well-practiced routines, agency is relinquished in favor of automatic habits. Here, we used cell-type specific, longitudinal, cellular-resolution, microendoscopic calcium imaging, chemogenetics, instrumental conditioning and a test of behavioral strategy to ask how dorsomedial striatum D1 + and D2/A2A + neurons contribute to the formation of agency and habit. We found that DMS D1 + neurons stably encode actions and variables related to goal-directed v. habitual behavioral strategy, develop encoding of the action-outcome relationship, and are critical for both action-outcome learning and the application of this learned agency for flexible, goal-directed decision making. Conversely, one ensemble of A2A + neurons transiently encodes actions and behavioral transition variables during early action-outcome learning and another slowly starts to encode actions as routine habits form. Correspondingly, A2A + neurons are only transiently necessary for initial formation of the action-outcome model underlying agency. Thus, agency is learned through DMS D1 + and A2A + neuronal activity and then maintained in DMS D1 + neurons to support adaptive, goal-directed decision making. Habit formation is associated with reorganization of A2A + neuronal encoding. These data reveal important insights into the neuronal circuits of learning and decision making.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2025,"id":555373,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9425,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1454171,"name":"Alvina Liang","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042995,"name":"Baila S. Hall","orcid":"0000-0002-1171-2295","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577064,"name":"Jacqueline Giovanniello","orcid":"0000-0002-4558-7728","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1162063,"name":"Natalie Paredes","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345236,"name":"Jorge A. González","orcid":"0000-0003-3179-466X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1019470,"name":"Garrett J. Blair","orcid":"0000-0003-2724-8914","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655276,"name":"Ana C. Sias","orcid":"0000-0002-7938-1234","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1453677,"name":"Michael D. Murphy","orcid":"0000-0001-5609-7364","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262637,"name":"Wanyi Guo","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108008,"name":"Alicia Wang","orcid":"0000-0003-4137-8547","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1454172,"name":"Malika Singh","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":989870,"name":"Nicholas K. Griffin","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1454173,"name":"Samuel P Bridges","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1164718,"name":"Anna Wiener","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1164721,"name":"Jenna S. Pimenta","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655280,"name":"Sandra M. Holley","orcid":"0000-0002-2643-4961","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415746,"name":"Carlos Cepeda","orcid":"0000-0001-5953-6692","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415744,"name":"Michael S. Levine","orcid":"0000-0001-8681-204X","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":533179,"name":"Peter D. Balsam","orcid":"0000-0001-7581-5499","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1454174,"name":"H. Tad Blair","orcid":null,"position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424724,"name":"Andrew M. Wikenheiser","orcid":"0000-0002-7190-4993","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655281,"name":"Kate M. Wassum","orcid":"0000-0002-2635-7433","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1164248,"name":"Melissa Malvaez","orcid":"0000-0002-3498-6678","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":127,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:59.329539Z","pmid":"39896502","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}