{"doi":"10.1101/2024.09.06.24313039","title":"The Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS) questionnaire: psychometric qualities of the parenting scale in two large Brazilian birth cohorts","abstract":"Objective: Analyse the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the PAFAS (Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales) parenting scale, using data from two large Brazilian birth cohorts. Methods: The original PAFAS parenting scale, which consists of 18 items (parental inconsistency 5 items, coercive parenting 5 items, positive encouragement 3 items, and parent-child relationship 5 items) was applied in two Brazilian birth cohorts in Pelotas (ages 4 [n = 4010] and 6-7 [n = 3867]) and Rio Grande (age 3 [n = 992]). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and internal consistency assessed, as well as construct validity in relation to maternal depression measured on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results: The model with a structure of 4 subscales showed that the global scale of parenting on the PAFAS had a good fit, but certain items did not fit well on sub-scales and were removed (2 items from parental inconsistency, 1 from coercive parenting, and 1 from positive encouragement). The original form of the parent-child relationship sub-scale was maintained. Considering the total PAFAS parenting score, we found that mothers with maternal depression had a higher likelihood of more problematic parental practices than mothers without depression. Conclusions: A revised 14-item PAFAS parenting scale has good psychometric properties and we encourage its use in Brazilian populations.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2024,"id":491784,"datarank":0.11379166214192436,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.009819585057932557,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.009819585057932557,"corpus_percentile":28.073025450607258,"corpus_rank":9298,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":1,"citers_with_citation_signal":1,"citers_with_endowment":1,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7852,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1337294,"name":"Hugo S. Gomes","orcid":"0000-0001-7778-6409","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1337295,"name":"Andreas Bauer","orcid":"0000-0003-2532-3060","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":814485,"name":"Maurício Scopel Hoffmann","orcid":"0000-0003-4232-3169","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1137372,"name":"Christian Loret de Mola","orcid":"0000-0002-5264-5914","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1337296,"name":"Elisa Rachel Pisani Altafim","orcid":"0000-0002-5732-0473","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298925,"name":"Marlos Rodrigues Domingues","orcid":"0000-0002-2503-2944","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1337670,"name":"Joseph L. Murray","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1337293,"name":"Rafaela Costa Martins","orcid":"0000-0003-3538-7228","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":32,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:08:45.247225Z","pmid":"39281762","pmcid":"PMC11398595","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}