{"doi":"10.1101/2024.02.26.582070","title":"Device Design and Diagnostic Imaging of Radiopaque 3D Printed Tissue Engineering Scaffolds","abstract":"ABSTRACT 3D printed biomaterial implants are revolutionizing personalized medicine for tissue repair, especially in orthopedics. In this study, a radiopaque Bi 2 O 3 doped polycaprolactone ( PCL ) composite is developed and implemented to enable the use of diagnostic X-ray technologies, especially photon counting X-ray computed tomography ( PCCT ), for comprehensive in vivo device monitoring. PCL filament with homogeneous Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticle ( NP ) dispersion (0.8 to 11.7 wt%) are first fabricated. Tissue engineered scaffolds ( TES ) are then 3D printed with the composite filament, optimizing printing parameters for small feature size and severely overhung geometries. These composite TES are characterized via micro-computed tomography ( µ CT ), tensile testing, and a cytocompatibility study, with Bi 2 O 3 mass fractions as low as 2 wt% providing excellent radiographic distinguishability, improved tensile properties, and equivalent cytocompatibility of neat PCL. The excellent radiographic distinguishability is validated in situ by imaging 4 and 7 wt% TES in a mouse model with µCT, showing excellent agreement with in vitro measurements. Subsequently, CT image-derived swine menisci are 3D printed with composite filament and re-implanted in their corresponding swine legs ex vivo . Re-imaging the swine legs via clinical CT allows facile identification of device location and alignment. Finally, the emergent technology of PCCT unambiguously distinguishes implanted menisci in situ.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2024,"id":494803,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9523,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":830006,"name":"Kendell M. Pawelec","orcid":"0000-0003-2606-4136","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299635,"name":"Jeremy M.L. Hix","orcid":"0000-0002-9593-787X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":686988,"name":"James R. Siegenthaler","orcid":"0000-0001-5513-4469","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1245066,"name":"Micah Lissy","orcid":"0000-0002-6122-2550","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":493961,"name":"Philippe Douek","orcid":"0000-0002-5096-4698","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1218516,"name":"Angèle Houmeau","orcid":"0009-0007-2370-9855","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":493952,"name":"Salim Si‐Mohamed","orcid":"0000-0003-0314-4010","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271462,"name":"Erik M. Shapiro","orcid":"0000-0002-0901-5781","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1245065,"name":"Mitchell Delemeester","orcid":"0000-0002-1559-2155","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:09:11.736910Z","pmid":"38464166","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}