{"doi":"10.1101/2023.11.24.568618","title":"Transcranial electric stimulation modulates firing rate at clinically relevant intensities","abstract":"Notwithstanding advances with low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), there remain questions about the efficacy of clinically realistic electric fields on neuronal function. We used Neuropixels 2.0 probe with 384 channels in an in-vivo rat model of TES to detect effects of weak fields on neuronal firing rate. High-density field mapping and computational models verified field intensity (1 V/m in hippocampus per 50 μA of applied skull currents). We demonstrate that electric fields below 0.5 V/m acutely modulate firing rate in 5% of neurons recorded in the hippocampus. At these intensities, average firing rate effects increased monotonically with electric field intensity at a rate of 7 % per V/m. For the majority of excitatory neurons, firing increased for cathodal stimulation and diminished for anodal stimulation. While more diverse, the response of inhibitory neurons followed a similar pattern on average, likely as a result of excitatory drive. Our results indicate that responses to TES at clinically relevant intensities are driven by a fraction of high-responder excitatory neurons, with polarity-specific effects. We conclude that transcranial electric stimulation is an effective neuromodulator at clinically realistic intensities.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2023,"id":414364,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9527,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":309327,"name":"Niranjan Khadka","orcid":"0000-0002-4930-5214","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258419,"name":"Lucas C. Parra","orcid":"0000-0003-4667-816X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106035,"name":"Marom Bikson","orcid":"0000-0002-0493-8333","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":263223,"name":"Mihály Vöröslakos","orcid":"0000-0002-1022-1355","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":658711,"name":"Forouzan Farahani","orcid":"0000-0001-9047-4223","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":65,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:22:05.177070Z","pmid":"38045400","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}