{"doi":"10.1101/2023.09.05.23295052","title":"Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) in Colombians with university education","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is an ultra-brief self-report measure to assess perceived psychological stress. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the PSS-4 in Colombia. A total of 1911 adult participants with university education completed the PSS-4. Characteristics of the items and the subscales were explored. Dimensionality was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), incorporating an examination of invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and strict) across socio-demographic characteristics. Construct validity (convergent and discriminant), reliability indices, know-groups, and predictive validity were also computed. The CFA showed adequate fit indices for the two-factor model (hopelessness and coping), being invariant across gender, income level, age, and work status. Internal consistency was adequate for the PSS-4 (\n                  <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>\n                  = .73,\n                  <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic>\n                  = .72,\n                  <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sup>2</jats:sup>\n                  = .74). Significant positive correlations of the PSS-4 were identified with depression (\n                  <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>\n                  = .59) and anxiety (\n                  <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>\n                  = .55), as well as significant negative with post-traumatic growth (\n                  <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>\n                  = –.37) and resilience (\n                  <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>\n                  = –.47). The PSS-4 showed adequate capacity to predict potential depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as protective factors such as resilience and posttraumatic growth. Higher scores on the PSS-4 were observed among young people, as well as among people with lower incomes and those unemployed. These findings suggest that the PSS-4 can be a reliable and valid tool for assessing psychological stress in Colombians with university education.\n                </jats:p>","journal":null,"year":null,"id":608906,"datarank":0.338857614549585,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"self_citation_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citation_network_contribution":0.046971092191287964,"self_endowment_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citer_contribution":0.046971092191287964,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":5,"citers_with_citation_signal":3,"citers_with_endowment":3,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1564408,"name":"Andrés Gómez-Acosta","orcid":"0000-0002-7932-0466","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1564409,"name":"Julio Annicchiarico-Lobo","orcid":"0000-0002-5813-5130","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1564410,"name":"Juan V. Luciano","orcid":"0000-0003-0750-1599","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1564411,"name":"Antoni Sanz","orcid":"0000-0002-7952-4477","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1564407,"name":"Juan P. Sanabria-Mazo","orcid":"0000-0003-1688-435X","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) in Colombians with university education","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is an ultra-brief self-report measure to assess perceived psychological stress. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the PSS-4 in Colombia. A total of 1911 adult participants with university education completed the PSS-4. Characteristics of the items and the subscales were explored. Dimensionality was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), incorporating an examination of invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and strict) across socio-demographic characteristics. Construct validity (convergent and discriminant), reliability indices, know-groups, and predictive validity were also computed. The CFA showed adequate fit indices for the two-factor model (hopelessness and coping), being invariant across gender, income level, age, and work status. Internal consistency was adequate for the PSS-4 (\n                  <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>\n                  = .73,\n                  <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic>\n                  = .72,\n                  <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sup>2</jats:sup>\n                  = .74). Significant positive correlations of the PSS-4 were identified with depression (\n                  <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>\n                  = .59) and anxiety (\n                  <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>\n                  = .55), as well as significant negative with post-traumatic growth (\n                  <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>\n                  = –.37) and resilience (\n                  <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>\n                  = –.47). The PSS-4 showed adequate capacity to predict potential depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as protective factors such as resilience and posttraumatic growth. Higher scores on the PSS-4 were observed among young people, as well as among people with lower incomes and those unemployed. These findings suggest that the PSS-4 can be a reliable and valid tool for assessing psychological stress in Colombians with university education.\n                </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"23304386","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4386470813","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2023/09/06/2023.09.05.23295052.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2023/09/06/2023.09.05.23295052.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2023.09.05.23295052","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.05.23295052","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Health, psychology, and well-being","Resilience and Mental Health","Stress Responses and Cortisol"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Psychology","Discriminant validity","Confirmatory factor analysis","Clinical psychology","Anxiety","Measurement invariance","Convergent validity","Psychological resilience","Construct validity","Coping (psychology)","Internal consistency","Psychometrics","Structural equation modeling","Psychiatry","Social psychology","Statistics"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-31T00:10:39.288871Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}