{"doi":"10.1101/2023.07.21.549920","title":"Ultra-high density imaging arrays for diffuse optical tomography of human brain improve resolution, signal-to-noise, and information decoding","abstract":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has dramatically advanced non-invasive human brain mapping and decoding. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) non-invasively measure blood oxygen fluctuations related to brain activity, like fMRI, at the brain surface, using more-lightweight equipment that circumvents ergonomic and logistical limitations of fMRI. HD-DOT grids have smaller inter-optode spacing (∼13 mm) than sparse fNIRS (∼30 mm) and therefore provide higher image quality, with spatial resolution ∼1/2 that of fMRI. Herein, simulations indicated reducing inter-optode spacing to 6.5 mm would further improve image quality and noise-resolution tradeoff, with diminishing returns below 6.5 mm. We then constructed an ultra-high-density DOT system (6.5-mm spacing) with 140 dB dynamic range that imaged stimulus-evoked activations with 30-50% higher spatial resolution and repeatable multi-focal activity with excellent agreement with participant-matched fMRI. Further, this system decoded visual stimulus position with 19-35% lower error than previous HD-DOT, throughout occipital cortex.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2023,"id":390789,"datarank":0.3453877639491069,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"self_citation_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9511,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1162586,"name":"Jason W. Trobaugh","orcid":"0009-0008-5183-3359","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353601,"name":"Edward J. Richter","orcid":"0000-0002-4585-3459","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364062,"name":"Kalyan Tripathy","orcid":"0000-0002-3045-3620","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":640552,"name":"Sean M. Rafferty","orcid":"0000-0001-5752-4380","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364065,"name":"Alexandra M. Svoboda","orcid":"0000-0002-6420-5190","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364064,"name":"Mariel L. Schroeder","orcid":"0000-0001-6524-2295","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302192,"name":"Tracy M. Burns‐Yocum","orcid":"0000-0003-0326-1532","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302191,"name":"Karla M. Bergonzi","orcid":"0000-0002-1459-2882","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1163027,"name":"Mark A. Chevillet","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":872674,"name":"Emily M. Mugler","orcid":"0000-0002-4531-8333","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302190,"name":"Adam T. Eggebrecht","orcid":"0000-0002-6320-2676","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302196,"name":"Joseph P. Culver","orcid":"0000-0001-9738-3084","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364063,"name":"Zachary E. Markow","orcid":"0000-0002-2587-6821","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:18:37.743462Z","pmid":"37547013","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}