{"doi":"10.1101/2023.06.13.23291267","title":"Tracking SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in rural communities using blood-fed mosquitoes","abstract":"The spread of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be well monitored and understood in areas without capacity for effective disease surveillance. Countries with a young population will have disproportionately large numbers of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infections, further hindering detection of infection in the population. Sero-surveillance on a country-wide scale by trained medical professionals may be limited in scope in resource limited setting such as Mali. Novel ways of broadly sampling the human population in a non-invasive method would allow for large-scale surveillance at a reduced cost. Here we evaluate the collection of naturally bloodfed mosquitoes to test for human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the laboratory and at five field locations in Mali. Immunoglobulin-G antibodies were found to be readily detectable within the mosquito bloodmeals by a bead-based immunoassay at least through 10 hours post-feeding with high sensitivity (0.900 ± 0.059) and specificity (0.924 ± 0.080), respectively, indicating that most blood-fed mosquitoes collected indoors during early morning hours (and thus, have likely fed the previous night) are viable samples for analysis. We find that reactivity to four SARS-CoV-2 antigens rose during the pandemic from pre-pandemic levels. Consistent with other sero-surveillance studies in Mali, crude seropositivity of blood sampled via mosquitoes was 6.3% in October/November 2020 over all sites, and increased to 25.1% overall, with the town closest to Bamako reaching 46.7% in February of 2021. Mosquito bloodmeals a viable target for conventional immunoassays, and therefore country-wide sero-surveillance of human diseases (both vector-borne and non-vector-borne) is attainable in areas where human-biting mosquitoes are common, and is an informative, cost-effective, non-invasive sampling option.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2023,"id":408703,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9557,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":264411,"name":"Djibril Samaké","orcid":"0000-0002-6053-1028","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265566,"name":"Adama Dao","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264410,"name":"Moussa Diallo","orcid":"0000-0003-1632-7027","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265567,"name":"Zana L. Sanogo","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264409,"name":"Alpha Seydou Yaro","orcid":"0009-0006-4577-6752","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1188336,"name":"Amatigué Ziguimé","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1128234,"name":"Josué Poudiougo","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1128235,"name":"Kadiatou Cissé","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1127897,"name":"Mamadou Traoré","orcid":"0000-0003-0558-1724","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1128236,"name":"Alassane Dit Assitoun","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264422,"name":"Roy Faiman","orcid":"0000-0002-9997-7801","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":395417,"name":"Irfan Zaidi","orcid":"0000-0001-9161-2050","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1188337,"name":"Woodford John","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236042,"name":"Patrick E. Duffy","orcid":"0000-0002-4483-5005","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264425,"name":"Tovi Lehmann","orcid":"0000-0002-8142-3915","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264423,"name":"Benjamin J. Krajacich","orcid":"0000-0001-5769-8946","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:21:18.414003Z","pmid":"37398491","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}