{"doi":"10.1101/2023.03.16.532850","title":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote inhibitory synapse development and social behavior","abstract":"Abstract The innate immune system plays essential roles in brain synaptic development, and immune dysregulation is implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here we show that a subset of innate lymphocytes (group 2 innate lymphoid cells, ILC2s) is required for cortical inhibitory synapse maturation and adult social behavior. ILC2s expanded in the developing meninges and produced a surge of their canonical cytokine Interleukin-13 (IL-13) between postnatal days 5-15. Loss of ILC2s decreased cortical inhibitory synapse numbers in the postnatal period where as ILC2 transplant was sufficient to increase inhibitory synapse numbers. Deletion of the IL-4/IL-13 receptor ( Il4ra ) from inhibitory neurons phenocopied the reduction inhibitory synapses. Both ILC2 deficient and neuronal Il4ra deficient animals had similar and selective impairments in adult social behavior. These data define a type 2 immune circuit in early life that shapes adult brain function. One sentence summary Type 2 innate lymphoid cells and Interleukin-13 promote inhibitory synapse development.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2023,"id":392256,"datarank":0.26876392038420827,"base_score":1.791759469228055,"endowment":1.791759469228055,"self_citation_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.95,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":724432,"name":"Nicholas M. Mroz","orcid":"0000-0002-4781-8518","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110080,"name":"Sunrae E. Taloma","orcid":"0000-0002-7210-8614","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1021694,"name":"Madelene W. Dahlgren","orcid":"0000-0002-8640-0157","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":582433,"name":"Jorge F. Ortiz-Carpena","orcid":"0000-0002-7727-9674","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110075,"name":"Leah C. Dorman","orcid":"0000-0002-5511-887X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110077,"name":"Ilia D. Vainchtein","orcid":"0000-0003-3190-8524","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":585578,"name":"Caroline C. Escoubas","orcid":"0000-0001-7113-1532","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110082,"name":"Ari B. Molofsky","orcid":"0000-0003-0764-3175","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227669,"name":"Anna V. Molofsky","orcid":"0000-0002-4709-2411","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110081,"name":"Jerika J. Barron","orcid":"0000-0002-8983-3126","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:18:52.232318Z","pmid":"36993292","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}