{"doi":"10.1101/2023.02.26.530118","title":"Novel Approach Explains Spatio-Spectral Interactions in Raw Electroencephalogram Deep Learning Classifiers","abstract":"The application of deep learning classifiers to resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG) data has become increasingly common. However, relative to studies using traditional machine learning methods and extracted features, deep learning methods are less explainable. A growing number of studies have presented explainability approaches for rs-EEG deep learning classifiers. However, to our knowledge, no approaches give insight into spatio-spectral interactions (i.e., how spectral activity in one channel may interact with activity in other channels). In this study, we combine gradient and perturbation-based explainability approaches to give insight into spatio-spectral interactions in rs-EEG deep learning classifiers for the first time. We present the approach within the context of major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis identifying differences in frontal δ activity and reduced interactions between frontal electrodes and other electrodes. Our approach provides novel insights and represents a significant step forward for the field of explainable EEG classification.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2023,"id":390354,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9492,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":983870,"name":"Abhinav Sattiraju","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":280469,"name":"Robyn L. Miller","orcid":"0000-0002-4679-7567","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227761,"name":"Vince D. Calhoun","orcid":"0000-0001-9058-0747","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":640795,"name":"Charles A. Ellis","orcid":"0000-0002-1547-9996","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":21,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:18:32.854511Z","pmid":"36909628","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}