{"doi":"10.1101/2022.12.02.22282921","title":"Durability of immune responses to the booster mRNA vaccination against COVID-19","abstract":"Abstract Waning immunity to vaccination represents a major challenge in vaccinology. Whether booster vaccination improves the durability of immune responses is unknown. Here we show, using a cohort of 55 adult vaccinees who received the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, that a booster (i.e., 3 rd immunization) dose at 6 - 10 months increased the half-life of serum neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers to 76 days from 56 - 66 days estimated after the primary two-dose vaccination series. A second booster dose (i.e., 4 th immunization) more than a year after the primary vaccination increased the half-life further to 88 days. However, despite this modestly improved durability in nAb responses against the Wuhan strain, there was a loss in neutralization capacity against Omicron subvariants, especially the recently emerged variants, BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1 (35 and 50-fold drop in titers respectively, relative to the ancestral (WA.1) strain. While only 55 – 65% of participants demonstrated a detectable nAb titer against the newer variants after the booster (3 rd dose), the response declined to below the detection limit in almost all individuals by 6 months. Notably, even against BA.1 and BA.5, the titers declined rapidly in a third of the vaccinees and were below the detection limit at 6 months. In contrast, booster vaccination induced antigen-specific memory B and T cells that persisted for at least 6 months. Collectively, our data show that the durability of immune responses improves following subsequent booster immunizations; however, the emergence of immune evasive variants reduces the effectiveness of booster doses in preventing infection.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2022,"id":299635,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9516,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":383168,"name":"Lilin Lai","orcid":"0000-0002-9528-6990","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":804310,"name":"Hady Samaha","orcid":"0000-0002-9124-7820","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106160,"name":"Yupeng Feng","orcid":"0000-0001-8550-2787","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":805663,"name":"Mengyun Hu","orcid":"0000-0003-4495-7501","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":989541,"name":"Harold Hui","orcid":"0000-0002-9701-9570","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":522431,"name":"Bushra Wali","orcid":"0000-0001-9278-8744","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":803872,"name":"Madison Ellis","orcid":"0000-0002-0325-5477","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106172,"name":"Christopher Huerta","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":989978,"name":"Kareem Bechnack","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":804650,"name":"Sarah Bechnack","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":759584,"name":"Matthew Lee","orcid":"0000-0001-7103-4660","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":989979,"name":"Matthew Litvack","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":983897,"name":"Cecilia Losada","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292649,"name":"Alba Grifoni","orcid":"0000-0002-2209-5966","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":55670,"name":"Alessandro Sette","orcid":"0000-0001-7013-2250","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":560676,"name":"Veronika I. 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