{"doi":"10.1101/2022.11.14.516489","title":"rRNA transcription is integral to liquid-liquid phase separation and maintenance of nucleolar structure","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Beginning with transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase (Pol) I in the nucleolus, ribosome biogenesis is intimately tied to cell growth and proliferation. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis has been previously shown to affect nucleolar structure, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. We generated loss-of-function mouse mutants of Pol I subunits,\n                  <jats:italic>Polr1a, Polr1b, Polr1c</jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>Polr1d</jats:italic>\n                  , thereby genetically inhibiting rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis. Pol I mutant embryos are preimplantation lethal and have fewer nucleoli. Using hiPSCs triple labeled for the three nucleolar compartments, we observe two phenotypes upon Pol I inhibition: a single condensed nucleolus, and fragmented nucleoli. We find that when rRNA transcription is inhibited, the viscosity of the granular compartment of the nucleolus is increased disrupting its liquid-liquid phase separation properties, which results in a condensed nucleolus. Taken together, our data suggests that Pol I function and rRNA transcription are required for maintaining nucleolar structure and integrity.\n                </jats:p>","journal":null,"year":null,"id":630646,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":300938,"name":"Maureen C. Lamb","orcid":"0000-0002-4522-1910","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456273,"name":"Jeffrey J. Lange","orcid":"0000-0003-4970-6269","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1633865,"name":"Mary C. McKinney","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":560927,"name":"Dai Tsuchiya","orcid":"0000-0001-8385-2775","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":300533,"name":"Fengli Guo","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265776,"name":"Xia Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-2751-7160","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":986427,"name":"Timothy J. Corbin","orcid":"0009-0008-6850-6805","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1633866,"name":"MaryEllen Kirkman","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1055027,"name":"Kym Delventhal","orcid":"0000-0003-0505-9792","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":811505,"name":"Emma L. Moore","orcid":"0000-0003-4116-918X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":51352,"name":"Sean McKinney","orcid":"0000-0002-9740-6247","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":761739,"name":"Rita Shiang","orcid":"0000-0001-6575-0126","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":525793,"name":"Paul A. Trainor","orcid":"0000-0003-2774-3624","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":811503,"name":"Soma Dash","orcid":"0000-0002-9030-3341","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"rRNA transcription is integral to liquid-liquid phase separation and maintenance of nucleolar structure","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Beginning with transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase (Pol) I in the nucleolus, ribosome biogenesis is intimately tied to cell growth and proliferation. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis has been previously shown to affect nucleolar structure, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. We generated loss-of-function mouse mutants of Pol I subunits,\n                  <jats:italic>Polr1a, Polr1b, Polr1c</jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>Polr1d</jats:italic>\n                  , thereby genetically inhibiting rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis. Pol I mutant embryos are preimplantation lethal and have fewer nucleoli. Using hiPSCs triple labeled for the three nucleolar compartments, we observe two phenotypes upon Pol I inhibition: a single condensed nucleolus, and fragmented nucleoli. We find that when rRNA transcription is inhibited, the viscosity of the granular compartment of the nucleolus is increased disrupting its liquid-liquid phase separation properties, which results in a condensed nucleolus. Taken together, our data suggests that Pol I function and rRNA transcription are required for maintaining nucleolar structure and integrity.\n                </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19767382","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4309401091","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/11/15/2022.11.14.516489.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/11/15/2022.11.14.516489.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2022.11.14.516489","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.14.516489","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["RNA Research and Splicing","RNA modifications and cancer","Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Nucleolus","Ribosome biogenesis","RNA polymerase I","Transcription (linguistics)","Ribosomal RNA","Cell biology","Ribosome","Biology","RNA polymerase III","Ribosomal protein","RNA","Chemistry","Molecular biology","RNA polymerase","Genetics","Gene","Nucleus"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T21:51:29.514744Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}