{"doi":"10.1101/2022.09.16.22280017","title":"Post-vaccination neutralization responses to Omicron sub-variants","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) which correlated with dramatic losses in cross-neutralization capacity of post-vaccination sera raised concerns about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection and disease. Clinically relevant sub-variants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, and BA.4/5) subsequently emerged rapidly.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated published and pre-print studies reporting sub-variant specific reductions in cross-neutralization compared to the prototype strain of SARS-CoV-2 and between sub-variants. Median fold-reduction across studies was calculated by sub-variant and vaccine platform.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 153 studies with post-vaccination data, after primary vaccination the sub-variant specific fold-reduction in neutralization capacity compared to the prototype antigen varied widely, from median 4.2-fold for BA.3 to 21.9-fold for BA.4/5; in boosted participants fold-reduction was similar for all sub-variants (5.9-fold to 7.1-fold) except for BA.4/5 which was 12.7-fold. Relative to BA.1, the other Omicron sub-variants had similar neutralization capacity post-primary vaccination (range median 0.8-fold to 1.1-fold) and post-booster (0.9-fold to 1.2-fold) except for BA.4/5 which was higher (2.0-fold). Omicron sub-variant specific responder rates were low post-primary vaccination (range median 33.5% to 56.7%) compared to the prototype (median 96.0%), but improved post-booster (range median 85.4% to 92.6%).</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fold-reductions in neutralization titers among Omicron sub-variants compared to the prototype strain varied widely post-primary vaccination but were comparable post-booster, except for BA.4/5 which had higher fold-reduction (2-fold relative to BA.1). Considering large fold-decreases in neutralization titers to the parental strain for all Omicron sub-variants, vaccine effectiveness is very likely to be reduced against all Omicron sub-variants, and probably more so against Omicron BA.4/5.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>","journal":null,"year":null,"id":646868,"datarank":0.3453877639491069,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"self_citation_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1685029,"name":"Maeva Katzmarzyk","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1685030,"name":"Melissa M Higdon","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1083960,"name":"Viviana Cobos Jiménez","orcid":"0000-0002-0357-3272","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":805202,"name":"Ioannis Sitaras","orcid":"0000-0003-0161-8024","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1685031,"name":"Naor Bar-Zeev","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227087,"name":"Maria Deloria Knoll","orcid":"0000-0001-9041-2671","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":621737,"name":"Henning Jacobsen","orcid":"0000-0002-7831-1330","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Post-vaccination neutralization responses to Omicron sub-variants","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) which correlated with dramatic losses in cross-neutralization capacity of post-vaccination sera raised concerns about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection and disease. Clinically relevant sub-variants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, and BA.4/5) subsequently emerged rapidly.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated published and pre-print studies reporting sub-variant specific reductions in cross-neutralization compared to the prototype strain of SARS-CoV-2 and between sub-variants. Median fold-reduction across studies was calculated by sub-variant and vaccine platform.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 153 studies with post-vaccination data, after primary vaccination the sub-variant specific fold-reduction in neutralization capacity compared to the prototype antigen varied widely, from median 4.2-fold for BA.3 to 21.9-fold for BA.4/5; in boosted participants fold-reduction was similar for all sub-variants (5.9-fold to 7.1-fold) except for BA.4/5 which was 12.7-fold. Relative to BA.1, the other Omicron sub-variants had similar neutralization capacity post-primary vaccination (range median 0.8-fold to 1.1-fold) and post-booster (0.9-fold to 1.2-fold) except for BA.4/5 which was higher (2.0-fold). Omicron sub-variant specific responder rates were low post-primary vaccination (range median 33.5% to 56.7%) compared to the prototype (median 96.0%), but improved post-booster (range median 85.4% to 92.6%).</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fold-reductions in neutralization titers among Omicron sub-variants compared to the prototype strain varied widely post-primary vaccination but were comparable post-booster, except for BA.4/5 which had higher fold-reduction (2-fold relative to BA.1). Considering large fold-decreases in neutralization titers to the parental strain for all Omicron sub-variants, vaccine effectiveness is very likely to be reduced against all Omicron sub-variants, and probably more so against Omicron BA.4/5.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19910364","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2022/09/17/2022.09.16.22280017.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2022.09.16.22280017","host_type":"publisher"}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":[],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-09T15:24:46.822888Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}