{"doi":"10.1101/2022.09.13.507852","title":"IL-10 suppresses T cell expansion while promoting tissue-resident memory cell formation during SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques","abstract":"ABSTRACT The pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways that determine the balance of inflammation and viral control during SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Here we examine the roles of IFNγ and IL-10 in regulating inflammation, immune cell responses and viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rhesus macaques. IFNγ blockade tended to decrease lung inflammation based on 18 FDG-PET/CT imaging but had no major impact on innate lymphocytes, neutralizing antibodies, or antigen-specific T cells. In contrast, IL-10 blockade transiently increased lung inflammation and enhanced accumulation of virus-specific T cells in the lower airways. However, IL-10 blockade also inhibited the differentiation of virus-specific T cells into airway CD69 + CD103 + T RM cells. While virus-specific T cells were undetectable in the nasal mucosa of all groups, IL-10 blockade similarly reduced the frequency of total T RM cells in the nasal mucosa. Neither cytokine blockade substantially affected viral load and infection ultimately resolved. Thus, in the macaque model of mild COVID-19, the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of IFNγ and IL-10 have no major role in control of viral replication. However, IL-10 has a key role in suppressing the accumulation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the lower airways, while also promoting T RM at respiratory mucosal surfaces.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2022,"id":297565,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9581,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":594809,"name":"Taylor W. Foreman","orcid":"0000-0003-2968-9019","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286111,"name":"Keith D. Kauffman","orcid":"0000-0001-7208-1565","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286110,"name":"Shunsuke Sakai","orcid":"0000-0003-0344-9447","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":986145,"name":"Sydnee T. Gould","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":819458,"name":"Joel D. Fleegle","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":819015,"name":"Felipe Gómez","orcid":"0000-0001-9977-7060","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":629487,"name":"NIAID/DIR Tuberculosis Imaging Program","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":649460,"name":"Cyril Le Nouën","orcid":"0000-0002-5719-4112","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504922,"name":"Xueqiao Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-241X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":552999,"name":"Tracey Burdette","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":391925,"name":"Nicole L. Garza","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":412160,"name":"Bernard A. P. Lafont","orcid":"0000-0003-2140-6205","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":321605,"name":"Kelsie Brooks","orcid":"0000-0002-4758-2429","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230241,"name":"Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn","orcid":"0000-0001-7302-8002","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103766,"name":"Daniela Weiskopf","orcid":"0000-0003-2968-7371","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":55670,"name":"Alessandro Sette","orcid":"0000-0001-7013-2250","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245858,"name":"Heather D. Hickman","orcid":"0000-0003-4168-4894","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235602,"name":"Ursula J. Buchholz","orcid":"0000-0002-2329-3198","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232893,"name":"Reed F. Johnson","orcid":"0000-0002-4312-0550","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241757,"name":"Jason M. Brenchley","orcid":"0000-0001-8357-2984","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584801,"name":"Laura E. Via","orcid":"0000-0001-6074-9521","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286114,"name":"Daniel L. Barber","orcid":"0000-0001-7008-7509","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286113,"name":"Christine E Nelson","orcid":"0000-0003-3879-9105","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":59,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:31:26.161109Z","pmid":"36172119","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}