{"doi":"10.1101/2022.07.28.501930","title":"Collective invasion of the basement membrane in breast cancer driven by forces from cell volume expansion and local contractility","abstract":"Abstract Breast cancer becomes invasive when carcinoma cells collectively invade through the basement membrane (BM), a nanoporous layer of matrix that physically separates the primary tumor from the stroma, in a first step towards metastasis. Single cells can invade through nanoporous three-dimensional (3D) matrices via protease-mediated degradation or, when the matrix exhibits sufficient mechanical plasticity, force-mediated widening of pores. However, how cells invade collectively through physiological BM layers in cancer remains unclear. Here, we developed a 3D in vitro model of collective invasion of the BM during breast cancer. We show that cells utilize both proteases and forces to breach the BM. Forces are generated from a combination of global cell volume expansion that stretch the BM with local contractile forces that act in the plane of the BM to breach it, allowing invasion. These results uncover a mechanism by which cells collectively interact to overcome a critical barrier to metastasis.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2022,"id":301635,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9504,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":860611,"name":"Aashrith Saraswathibhatla","orcid":"0000-0002-0971-8065","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353731,"name":"Zhaoqiang Song","orcid":"0000-0001-9260-3447","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264759,"name":"Sushama Varma","orcid":"0000-0001-8137-0641","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":778763,"name":"Colline Sanchez","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":840918,"name":"Sucheta Srivastava","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439634,"name":"Katherine Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-9616-9403","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":62612,"name":"Michael C. Bassik","orcid":"0000-0001-5185-8427","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45766,"name":"M. Peter Marinkovich","orcid":"0000-0001-5528-8046","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":319785,"name":"Louis Hodgson","orcid":"0000-0001-9188-7580","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":217916,"name":"Vivek B. Shenoy","orcid":"0000-0002-2645-1016","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225111,"name":"Robert B. West","orcid":"0000-0002-8330-8283","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":217913,"name":"Ovijit Chaudhuri","orcid":"0000-0002-9287-3401","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":354100,"name":"Julie Chang","orcid":"0000-0002-8433-5902","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":60,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:32:02.193874Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}