{"doi":"10.1101/2022.06.28.22276756","title":"HPV self-sampling among long-term non-attenders to cervical cancer screening in Norway: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial","abstract":"Abstract Background The main aim of the present study is to assess whether human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling may increase cervical cancer screening participation among long-term non-attenders in Norway. Methods A pragmatic randomized controlled trial was initiated in the national cervical screening programme in March 2019. A random sample of 6000 women aged 35-69 years who had not attended screening for at least 10 years were randomized 1:1:1 to receive either (i) a reminder to attend regular screening (control arm), (ii) an offer to order a self-sampling kit (opt-in arm), or (iii) a self-sampling kit unsolicited (opt-out arm). Results Total screening participation during 6 months following study invitation was 4.8%, 17.0% and 27.7% among women who received a standard reminder letter (controls), women who could order a self-sample kit (opt-in) and women who received a self-sample kit unsolicited (opt-out), respectively (P<0.0001). High-risk HPV was detected in 11.5% of the self-samples and in 9.2% of the clinician-collected samples (P = 0.40). Most women (92.5%) who returned a positive self-sample attended triage. Of 933 women screened in the study (by a clinician or HPV self-sampling), 33 (3.5%) had CIN2+, 31 (3.3%) had CIN3+, and 11 (1.2%) had cervical cancer. Conclusion We conclude that opt-in and opt-out self-sampling increased screening participation among long-term non-attenders. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03873376","journal":"medRxiv","year":2022,"id":309550,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.938,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1004526,"name":"Ameli Tropé","orcid":"0000-0002-8006-5247","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":578472,"name":"Mari Nygård","orcid":"0000-0002-4100-4855","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":674249,"name":"Irene Kraus Christiansen","orcid":"0000-0001-8850-3304","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1004527,"name":"Ingrid Baasland","orcid":"0000-0003-0688-8031","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1004845,"name":"Grete Alrek Iversen","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1004846,"name":"Ane Cecilie Munk","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1004847,"name":"Marit Halonen Christiansen","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1004848,"name":"Gro Kummeneje Presthus","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1004528,"name":"Karina Undem","orcid":"0000-0001-5817-2997","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109608,"name":"Tone Bjørge","orcid":"0000-0002-9096-5257","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237732,"name":"Philip E. Castle","orcid":"0000-0003-1082-6554","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":578471,"name":"Bo T. Hansen","orcid":"0000-0003-2765-4488","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1004525,"name":"Gunvor Aasbø","orcid":"0000-0002-8981-5374","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":28,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:33:11.579763Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}