{"doi":"10.1101/2022.06.20.496880","title":"Direct Force Measurement and Loading on Developing Tissues in Intact Avian Embryos","abstract":"Abstract Developmental morphogenesis is driven by tissue stresses acting on tissue rheology. Direct measurements of forces in small tissues (100μm-1mm) in situ such as in early embryos require high spatial precision and minimal invasiveness. Here we report tissue force microscopy (TiFM) integrating a vertical cantilever probe and live imaging to enable close-loop control of mechanical loading in early chicken embryos. By testing previously qualitatively characterized force-producing tissues in the elongating body axis, we show that TiFM quantitatively captures stress dynamics with high sensitivity. TiFM also provides the capacity of applying a stable, minimally-invasive and physiologically relevant load to drive tissue deformation, which alters morphogenetic progression and cell movements. Together, TiFM addresses a key technological gap in tissue force measurement and manipulation in small developing embryos, and promises to contribute to the quantitative understanding of complex multi-tissue mechanics during development.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2022,"id":303656,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9516,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":250293,"name":"Fengzhu Xiong","orcid":"0000-0002-6153-0254","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":250292,"name":"Arthur Michaut","orcid":"0000-0003-1226-0021","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":995799,"name":"Joana M. N. Vidigueira","orcid":"0000-0002-3756-2854","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":250294,"name":"Olivier Pourquié","orcid":"0000-0001-5189-1227","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274615,"name":"L. Mahadevan","orcid":"0000-0002-5114-0519","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":571608,"name":"Chon U Chan","orcid":"0000-0002-9047-057X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":20,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:32:24.307938Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}