{"doi":"10.1101/2022.05.10.22274890","title":"Biopsychosocial response to the COVID-19 lockdown in people with major depressive disorder and multiple sclerosis","abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Changes in lifestyle, finances and work status during COVID-19 lockdowns may have led to biopsychosocial changes in people with pre-existing vulnerabilities such as Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods Data were collected as a part of the RADAR-CNS (Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse – Central Nervous System) programme. We analyzed the following data from long-term participants in a decentralized multinational study: symptoms of depression, heart rate (HR) during the day and night; social activity; sedentary state, steps and physical activity of varying intensity. Linear mixed-effects regression analyses with repeated measures were fitted to assess the changes among three time periods (pre, during and post-lockdown) across the groups, adjusting for depression severity before the pandemic and gender. Results Participants with MDD (N=255) and MS (N=214) were included in the analyses. Overall, depressive symptoms remained stable across the three periods in both groups. Lower mean HR and HR variation were observed between pre and during lockdown during the day for MDD and during the night for MS. HR variation during rest periods also decreased between pre-and post-lockdown in both clinical conditions. We observed a reduction of physical activity for MDD and MS upon the introduction of lockdowns. The group with MDD exhibited a net increase in social interaction via social network apps over the three periods. Conclusions Behavioral response to the lockdown measured by social activity, physical activity and HR may reflect changes in stress in people with MDD and MS.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2022,"id":301285,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5957,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":361811,"name":"Iago Giné-Vázquez","orcid":"0000-0002-6725-2638","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992405,"name":"Raquel Bailón","orcid":"0000-0003-1272-0550","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992406,"name":"Faith Matcham","orcid":"0000-0002-4055-904X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5086,"name":"Femke Lamers","orcid":"0000-0003-4344-5766","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992407,"name":"Spyridon Kontaxis","orcid":"0000-0002-1297-0691","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992408,"name":"Estela Laporta","orcid":"0000-0001-6776-8522","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992839,"name":"E Garcia","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992409,"name":"Belén Arranz","orcid":"0000-0003-3927-8803","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992410,"name":"Gloria Dalla Costa","orcid":"0000-0002-8761-9337","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992840,"name":"A.I Guerrero Pérez","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302252,"name":"Ana Zabalza","orcid":"0000-0003-3860-5251","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992411,"name":"Mathias Due Buron","orcid":"0000-0003-1260-1156","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95047,"name":"Gıancarlo Comı","orcid":"0000-0002-6989-1054","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106049,"name":"Letizia Leocani","orcid":"0000-0001-9326-6753","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":992412,"name":"Peter Annas","orcid":"0000-0003-0576-765X","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264610,"name":"Matthew Hotopf","orcid":"0000-0002-3980-4466","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5395,"name":"Brenda W.J.H. 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