{"doi":"10.1101/2022.02.01.478508","title":"HIV-2 Immature Particle Morphology Provides Insights into Gag Lattice Stability and Virus Maturation","abstract":"Abstract Retrovirus immature particle morphology consists of a membrane enclosed, pleomorphic, spherical and incomplete lattice of Gag hexamers. Previously, we demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) immature particles possess a distinct and extensive Gag lattice morphology. To better understand the nature of the continuously curved hexagonal Gag lattice, we have used single particle cryo-electron microscopy with a retrovirus to determine the HIV-2 Gag lattice structure for immature virions. The reconstruction map at 5.5 Å resolution revealed a stable, wineglass-shaped Gag hexamer structure with structural features consistent with other lentiviral immature Gag structures. Cryo-electron tomography provided evidence for nearly complete ordered Gag lattice structures in HIV-2 immature particles. We also solved a 1.98 Å resolution crystal structure of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the HIV-2 capsid (CA) protein that identified a structured helix 12 supported via an interaction of helix 10 in the absence of the SP1 region of Gag. Residues at the helix 10-12 interface proved critical in maintaining HIV-2 particle release and infectivity. Taken together, our findings provide the first 3D organization of HIV-2 immature Gag lattice and important insights into both HIV Gag lattice stabilization and virus maturation.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2022,"id":300880,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9588,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":884367,"name":"Huixin Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-0539-0477","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103757,"name":"Ke Shi","orcid":"0000-0003-4175-3714","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":991806,"name":"Raffaele Coray","orcid":"0000-0002-2977-2587","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":991807,"name":"Guichuan Yu","orcid":"0000-0002-7533-6911","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":759545,"name":"William G. Arndt","orcid":"0000-0001-8409-3133","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":991808,"name":"Shuyu Meng","orcid":"0000-0002-7951-6450","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":950960,"name":"Gloria C. Baxter","orcid":"0009-0007-3156-3622","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245734,"name":"Luiza Mendonça","orcid":"0000-0002-9210-9139","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":991809,"name":"Daniel Castaño‐Díez","orcid":"0000-0002-0197-163X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103759,"name":"Hideki Aihara","orcid":"0000-0001-7508-6230","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":409388,"name":"Louis M. Mansky","orcid":"0000-0003-2391-1061","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":462833,"name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-9888-3889","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266146,"name":"Nathaniel Talledge","orcid":"0000-0002-4603-0120","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":72,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:31:57.812980Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}