{"doi":"10.1101/2021.12.28.474333","title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron","abstract":"SUMMARY We address whether T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, NVX-CoV2373) cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants. Preservation of at least 83% and 85% for CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses was found, respectively, regardless of vaccine platform or variants analyzed. By contrast, highly significant decreases were observed for memory B cell and neutralizing antibody recognition of variants. Bioinformatic analyses showed full conservation of 91% and 94% of class II and class I spike epitopes. For Omicron, 72% of class II and 86% of class I epitopes were fully conserved, and 84% and 85% of CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses were preserved. In-depth epitope repertoire analysis showed a median of 11 and 10 spike epitopes recognized by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from vaccinees. Functional preservation of the majority of the T cell responses may play an important role as a second-level defense against diverse variants.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":213051,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":42,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9607,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":414012,"name":"Camila H. Coelho","orcid":"0000-0002-7885-9996","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295382,"name":"Zeli Zhang","orcid":"0009-0005-1007-5588","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103769,"name":"Jennifer M. Dan","orcid":"0000-0002-1672-0657","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106293,"name":"Esther Dawen Yu","orcid":"0000-0002-3970-3753","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":551389,"name":"Nils Methot","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":621510,"name":"Nathaniel I. Bloom","orcid":"0000-0002-6338-9098","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":615291,"name":"Benjamin Goodwin","orcid":"0000-0002-5485-2861","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106289,"name":"Elizabeth J. Phillips","orcid":"0000-0002-7623-3383","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11900,"name":"S. Mallal","orcid":"0000-0002-7036-1309","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":55666,"name":"John Sidney","orcid":"0000-0002-0987-405X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":804289,"name":"Gilberto Filaci","orcid":"0000-0001-6445-8414","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103766,"name":"Daniela Weiskopf","orcid":"0000-0003-2968-7371","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106294,"name":"Ricardo da Silva Antunes","orcid":"0000-0001-9785-5272","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103780,"name":"Shane Crotty","orcid":"0000-0002-6484-6262","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292649,"name":"Alba Grifoni","orcid":"0000-0002-2209-5966","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":55670,"name":"Alessandro Sette","orcid":"0000-0001-7013-2250","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106287,"name":"Alison Tarke","orcid":"0000-0002-2464-6549","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:31.378994Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}