{"doi":"10.1101/2021.12.19.473369","title":"Kinesin-II motors differentially impact biogenesis of distinct extracellular vesicle subpopulations shed from <i>C. elegans</i> sensory cilia","abstract":"SUMMARY Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bioactive lipid-bilayer enclosed particles released from nearly all cells. One specialized site for EV shedding is the primary cilium, a conserved signaling organelle. The mechanisms underlying cargo enrichment and biogenesis of heterogeneous EVs shed from cilia are unclear. Here we discover the conserved ion channel CLHM-1 as a new ciliary EV cargo. Using super-resolution microscopy, we imaged EVs released into the environment from sensory neuron cilia of C. elegans expressing fluorescently-tagged CLHM-1 and TRP polycystin-2 channel PKD-2 EV cargoes at endogenous levels. We find that these proteins are enriched in distinct EV subpopulations that are differentially shed in response to availability of hermaphrodite mating partners. Both CLHM-1 and PKD-2 localize to the ciliary base and middle segment of the cilium proper, but PKD-2 alone is present in the cilium distal tip and EVs shed from this site. CLHM-1 EVs released into the environment bud from a secondary site, the periciliary membrane compartment at the ciliary base. We show that individual heterotrimeric and homomeric kinesin-II motors have discrete impacts on the colocalization of PKD-2 and CLHM-1 in both cilia and EVs. Total loss of kinesin-II activity significantly decreases shedding of PKD-2 but not CLHM-1 EVs. Our data demonstrate that anterograde kinesin-II-dependent intraflagellar transport is required for selective enrichment of specific protein cargoes into heterogeneous EVs with different signaling potentials.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":228010,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9582,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":832781,"name":"Rachael Gill","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":832782,"name":"Malek Elsayyid","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":564494,"name":"Denis Touroutine","orcid":"0000-0002-3142-0273","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":244489,"name":"Jeffrey L. Caplan","orcid":"0000-0002-3991-0912","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":678433,"name":"Jessica E. Tanis","orcid":"0000-0002-7993-1013","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":832780,"name":"Michael Clupper","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":67,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:54:46.312854Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}