{"doi":"10.1101/2021.11.23.469780","title":"A chemical method to sequence 5-formylcytosine on RNA","abstract":"Abstract Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications can regulate biological processes, but there remains a major gap in our ability to identify and measure individual modifications at nucleotide resolution. Here we present Mal-Seq, a chemical method to sequence 5-formylcytosine (f 5 C) modifications on RNA based upon selective and efficient malononitrile-mediated labeling of f 5 C residues to generate adducts that are read as C-to-T mutations upon reverse transcription and PCR amplification. We apply Mal-Seq to characterize the prevalence of f 5 C at the wobble position of mt-tRNA(Met) in different organisms and tissue types and find that high-level f 5 C modification is present in mammals but lacking in lower eukaryotes. Our work sheds light on mitochondrial tRNA modifications throughout eukaryotic evolution and provides a general platform for characterizing the f 5 C epitranscriptome.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":227881,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9421,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":832697,"name":"Xuemeng Sun","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":832208,"name":"A. Emilia Arguello","orcid":"0000-0003-2529-3164","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638904,"name":"Ralph E. Kleiner","orcid":"0000-0003-0508-9975","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":832207,"name":"Ang Li","orcid":"0000-0002-7458-063X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:54:46.312854Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}