{"doi":"10.1101/2021.11.22.469481","title":"All-optical electrophysiology with improved genetically encoded voltage indicators reveals interneuron network dynamics in vivo","abstract":"Abstract All-optical electrophysiology can be a powerful tool for studying neural dynamics in vivo , as it offers the ability to image and perturb membrane voltage in multiple cells simultaneously. The “Optopatch” constructs combine a red-shifted archaerhodopsin (Arch)-derived genetically encoded voltage indicator (GEVI) with a blue-shifted channelrhodopsin actuator (ChR). We used a video-based pooled screen to evolve Arch-derived GEVIs with improved signal-to-noise ratio (QuasAr6a) and kinetics (QuasAr6b). By combining optogenetic stimulation of individual cells with high-precision voltage imaging in neighboring cells, we mapped inhibitory and gap junction-mediated connections, in vivo . Optogenetic activation of a single NDNF-expressing neuron in visual cortex Layer 1 significantly suppressed the spike rate in some neighboring NDNF interneurons. Hippocampal PV cells showed near-synchronous spikes across multiple cells at a frequency significantly above what one would expect from independent spiking, suggesting that collective inhibitory spikes may play an important signaling role in vivo . By stimulating individual cells and recording from neighbors, we quantified gap junction coupling strengths. Together, these results demonstrate powerful new tools for all-optical microcircuit dissection in live mice.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":214019,"datarank":0.3958585994422889,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9619,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":806835,"name":"Hunter C. Davis","orcid":"0000-0003-1655-692X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":807433,"name":"J. David Wong-Campos","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253690,"name":"Linlin Z. Fan","orcid":"0000-0001-6921-2659","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":656790,"name":"Benjamin Gmeiner","orcid":"0000-0002-1517-8528","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":377799,"name":"Shahinoor Begum","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806836,"name":"Christopher A. Werley","orcid":"0000-0002-5196-4534","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806837,"name":"Gabriel B. Borja","orcid":"0009-0004-9866-0927","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":807434,"name":"Hansini Upadhyay","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":807435,"name":"Himali Shah","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":807436,"name":"Jane Jacques","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806838,"name":"Pojeong Park","orcid":"0000-0002-5574-6104","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":807437,"name":"Yitong Qi","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253695,"name":"Vicente Parot","orcid":"0000-0002-9261-6667","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249311,"name":"Karl Deisseroth","orcid":"0000-0001-9440-3967","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253698,"name":"Adam E. Cohen","orcid":"0000-0002-8699-2404","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":656787,"name":"He Tian","orcid":"0000-0003-3282-7275","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":71,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:41.672172Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}