{"doi":"10.1101/2021.10.02.462873","title":"An Information Theoretic Framework for Protein Activity Measurement","abstract":"Abstract Nonparametric analytical Rank-based Enrichment Analysis (NaRnEA) is a novel gene set analysis method which leverages an analytical null model derived under the Principle of Maximum Entropy. NaRnEA critically improves over two widely used methods – Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and analytical Rank-based Enrichment Analysis (aREA) – as shown by differential activity measurement of ~2,500 transcriptional regulatory proteins across three cohorts in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based on the enrichment of their transcriptional targets in differentially expressed genes. Phenotype-matched proteomic data from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) was used to evaluate measurement accuracy. We show that the sample-shuffling empirical null models leveraged by GSEA and aREA are overly conservative, a shortcoming that is critically addressed by NaRnEA’s optimal analytical null model.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":216856,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9578,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":225059,"name":"Lukas Vlahos","orcid":"0000-0002-4083-6924","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":813226,"name":"Codruța Chiuzan","orcid":"0000-0001-8169-5032","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":19046,"name":"Andrea Califano","orcid":"0000-0003-4742-3679","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":470191,"name":"Aaron T. Griffin","orcid":"0000-0002-8027-0822","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:53:15.868165Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}