{"doi":"10.1101/2021.09.26.461821","title":"Transient dendritic cell activation diversifies the T cell response to acute infection","abstract":"Abstract The precise timing of T cell priming during infection remains unclear. Here, we mapped the cellular dynamics of all immune lineages during acute infection with Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm ). We identified highly transient DC activation 2 days post-infection that functions as a critical time window for priming effector T cells. Regulation of this transient state was mediated by DC extrinsic IFNγ provided by lymphocytes. Furthermore, antigen-specific T cells that arrive late to the site of priming and miss peak DC activation acquire only memory T cell fates. This temporal regulation of fate is recapitulated by CD8 + DCs ex vivo , suggesting that shifts in activation state of a single antigen presenting cell population alter T cell fates. These results uncover a novel mechanism for temporal regulation of T cell differentiation during a dynamic immune response to acute infection. One-Sentence Summary The immune system generates a balanced protective response through rapidly shifting activation states and recruitment of new cells into an ongoing inflammatory landscape.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":222379,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9598,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":232882,"name":"Rachel DeBarge","orcid":"0000-0001-9223-1364","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3031,"name":"Caleb A. Lareau","orcid":"0000-0003-4179-4807","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232885,"name":"Nam Woo Cho","orcid":"0000-0002-5785-9698","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":751109,"name":"Jacqueline L. Yee","orcid":"0000-0001-7860-2237","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":823505,"name":"Trine Line Hauge Okholm","orcid":"0000-0002-2779-4029","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":15988,"name":"Matthew H. Spitzer","orcid":"0000-0002-5291-3819","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232879,"name":"Kamir J. Hiam-Galvez","orcid":"0000-0002-1956-0257","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:54:03.549854Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}