{"doi":"10.1101/2021.09.22.461145","title":"Cell-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Effects of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","abstract":"Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemias arising from the malignant transformation of B-cell precursors (BCP-ALLs) are protected against chemotherapy by both intrinsic factors as well as by interactions with bone marrow stromal cells. Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 have overlapping expression patterns and potentially common functions in these cells. We used Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 double null mutant murine BCP-ALL cells to examine the effect of loss endogenous Galectins. We also tested the effect of dual Galectin inhibition by use of plant-derived natural compounds GM-CT-01 and GR-MD-02 in human BCP-ALL cells in co-culture with stroma. Transformed wild type and Galectin-1 x Galectin-3 double knockout BCP-ALL cells were similar in immunophenotype and active intracellular signaling. However, compared to wild type cells, they showed impaired migration, significantly reduced proliferation and increased sensitivity to drug treatment. GM-CT-01 and GR-MD-02 attenuated intracellular signal transduction and sensitized human BCP-ALL cells to chemotherapy including vincristine and the targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib. Our data show endogenous and extracellular Galectins contribute positively to the growth and survival of BCP-ALL cells. Strategies that would efficiently ablate these two Galectins at both locations would decrease microenvironmental protection and reduce BCP-ALL persistence in the protective bone marrow niche after chemotherapy.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":221630,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9489,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":755307,"name":"Eun Ji Joo","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415521,"name":"Lu Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-7952-0399","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":822138,"name":"John Groffen","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249841,"name":"Nora Heisterkamp","orcid":"0000-0003-2769-2273","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":754585,"name":"Fei Fei","orcid":"0000-0002-6815-7931","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":92,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:53:55.215284Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}