{"doi":"10.1101/2021.09.02.458715","title":"Transendothelial migration induces differential migration dynamics of leukocytes in tissue matrix","abstract":"Abstract Leukocyte extravasation into inflamed tissue is a complex process that is difficult to capture as a whole in vitro . We employed a blood-vessel-on-a-chip model in which endothelial cells were cultured in a tube-like lumen in a collagen-1 matrix. The vessels are leak-tight, creating a barrier for molecules and leukocytes. Addition of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α caused vasoconstriction, actin remodelling and upregulation of ICAM-1. Introducing leukocytes into the vessels allowed real-time visualisation of all different steps of the leukocyte transmigration cascade including migration into the extracellular matrix. Individual cell tracking over time distinguished striking differences in migratory behaviour between T-cells and neutrophils. Neutrophils cross the endothelial layer more efficiently than T-cells, but upon entering the matrix, neutrophils display high speed but low persistence, whereas T-cells migrate with low speed and rather linear migration. In conclusion, 3D imaging in real-time of leukocyte extravasation in a vessel-on-a-chip enables detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of different stages of the full leukocyte extravasation process in a single assay. Summary A functional hydrogel-based blood-vessel-on-a-chip model is used to study the complete leukocyte transendothelial migration process in real time. T-lymphocytes and neutrophils exhibit distinct migration dynamics in the extravascular matrix after transendothelial migration, which can be altered using a chemotactic gradient.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":221575,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9557,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":714490,"name":"Lanette Kempers","orcid":"0000-0002-3298-0141","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714491,"name":"Rouven Schoppmeyer","orcid":"0000-0002-8632-799X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714492,"name":"Max Blokker","orcid":"0000-0003-3489-5773","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282370,"name":"David J. Beebe","orcid":"0000-0002-0415-9006","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714493,"name":"Martijn A. Nolte","orcid":"0000-0002-5447-0839","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":597385,"name":"Jaap D. van Buul","orcid":"0000-0003-0054-7949","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714489,"name":"Abraham C.I. van Steen","orcid":"0000-0002-8023-352X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":38,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:53:55.215284Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}