{"doi":"10.1101/2021.09.01.458645","title":"Human IL-10-producing B cells have diverse states induced from multiple B cell subsets","abstract":"Abstract Regulatory B cells (Bregs) can suppress immune responses through the secretion of IL-10 and other anti-inflammatory cytokines. This immunomodulatory capacity holds therapeutic potential, yet a definitional immunophenotype for enumeration and prospective isolation of B cells capable of IL-10 production remains elusive. We therefore applied mass cytometry to simultaneously quantify cytokine production and immunophenotype in human peripheral B cells across a range of stimulatory conditions and timepoints. While multiple B cell subsets produced IL-10, no phenotype uniquely identified IL-10 + B cells and a significant portion of IL-10 + B cells co-expressed the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα. Despite this heterogeneity, we found operationally tolerant liver transplant recipients had a unique enrichment of IL-10 + , but not TNFα + or IL-6 + , B cells as compared to transplant recipients receiving immunosuppression. Thus, human IL-10-producing B cells constitute an induced, transient state arising from a diversity of B cell subsets that may contribute to maintenance of immune homeostasis.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":221556,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9653,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":233122,"name":"David R. Glass","orcid":"0000-0001-9924-167X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237485,"name":"John Paul Oliveria","orcid":"0000-0002-7192-7634","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":821667,"name":"Bérénice Mbiribindi","orcid":"0000-0002-5669-6129","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385286,"name":"Carlos O. Esquivel","orcid":"0000-0003-0871-0480","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":381360,"name":"Sheri M. Krams","orcid":"0000-0002-6049-5119","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233129,"name":"Sean C. Bendall","orcid":"0000-0003-1341-2453","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385287,"name":"Olivia M. Martinez","orcid":"0000-0002-2798-0251","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237489,"name":"Marla C. Glass","orcid":"0000-0003-3763-0842","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":70,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:53:55.215284Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}