{"doi":"10.1101/2021.06.30.21259787","title":"Low dose mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine generates durable T cell memory and antibodies enhanced by pre-existing crossreactive T cell memory","abstract":"Abstract Understanding human immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccines is of interest for a panoply of reasons. Here we examined vaccine-specific CD4 + T cell, CD8 + T cell, binding antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses to the 25 μg Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine over 7 months post-immunization, including multiple age groups, with a particular interest in assessing whether pre-existing crossreactive T cell memory impacts vaccine-generated immunity. Low dose (25 μg) mRNA-1273 elicited durable Spike binding antibodies comparable to that of convalescent COVID-19 cases. Vaccine-generated Spike memory CD4 + T cells 6 months post-boost were comparable in quantity and quality to COVID-19 cases, including the presence of T FH cells and IFNγ-expressing cells. Spike CD8 + T cells were generated in 88% of subjects, with equivalent percentages of CD8 + T cell memory responders at 6 months post-boost compared to COVID-19 cases. Lastly, subjects with pre-existing crossreactive CD4 + T cell memory had increased CD4 + T cell and antibody responses to the vaccine, demonstrating a biological relevance of SARS-CoV-2 crossreactive CD4 + T cells. One-Sentence Summary The mRNA-1273 vaccine induces a durable and functional T cell and antibody response comparable to natural infection.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2021,"id":213326,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":25,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9593,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":103769,"name":"Jennifer M. Dan","orcid":"0000-0002-1672-0657","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295382,"name":"Zeli Zhang","orcid":"0009-0005-1007-5588","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103770,"name":"Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher","orcid":"0000-0002-7965-9902","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106290,"name":"Marshall Lammers","orcid":"0000-0003-2237-847X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":615291,"name":"Benjamin Goodwin","orcid":"0000-0002-5485-2861","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":55670,"name":"Alessandro Sette","orcid":"0000-0001-7013-2250","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103780,"name":"Shane Crotty","orcid":"0000-0002-6484-6262","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103766,"name":"Daniela Weiskopf","orcid":"0000-0003-2968-7371","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103768,"name":"José Mateus","orcid":"0000-0002-1402-3452","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:36.886828Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}