{"doi":"10.1101/2021.06.15.448419","title":"Phosphatidylserine Receptors Enhance SARS-CoV-2 Infection: AXL as a Therapeutic Target for COVID-19","abstract":"Phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors are PS binding proteins that mediate uptake of apoptotic bodies. Many enveloped viruses utilize this PS/PS receptor mechanism to adhere to and internalize into the endosomal compartment of cells and this is termed apoptotic mimicry. For viruses that have a mechanism(s) of endosomal escape, apoptotic mimicry is a productive route of virus entry. We evaluated if PS receptors serve as cell surface receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and found that the PS receptors, AXL, TIM-1 and TIM-4, facilitated virus infection when low concentrations of the SARS-CoV-2 cognate receptor, ACE2, was present. Consistent with the established mechanism of PS receptor utilization by other viruses, PS liposomes competed with SARS-CoV-2 for binding and entry. We demonstrated that this PS receptor enhances SARS-CoV-2 binding to and infection of an array of human lung cell lines and is an under-appreciated but potentially important host factor facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":213699,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.955,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":630642,"name":"Hanora Van Ert","orcid":"0000-0002-3259-1912","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630643,"name":"Natalie Ruggio","orcid":"0000-0002-9696-2233","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271035,"name":"Kai J. Rogers","orcid":"0000-0003-3331-5933","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631542,"name":"Mohammad Badreddine","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630644,"name":"José A. Aguilar-Briseño","orcid":"0000-0002-7293-4027","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":585414,"name":"Roberth Anthony Rojas Chávez","orcid":"0000-0002-7023-2718","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285262,"name":"Boning Gao","orcid":"0000-0002-1382-395X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":409531,"name":"Tomasz Stokowy","orcid":"0000-0003-0017-8338","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630646,"name":"Eleni Christakou","orcid":"0009-0006-4343-7431","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286304,"name":"David Micklem","orcid":"0000-0003-2756-2591","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286305,"name":"Gro Gausdal","orcid":"0000-0001-5410-8808","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350335,"name":"Hillel Haim","orcid":"0000-0002-6071-5089","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71347,"name":"John D. Minna","orcid":"0000-0002-7776-0767","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":88845,"name":"James B. Lorens","orcid":"0000-0002-6782-3349","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":254589,"name":"Wendy Maury","orcid":"0000-0002-9892-4484","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":372343,"name":"Dana Bohan","orcid":"0000-0002-9239-3053","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":59,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:36.886828Z","pmid":"34159331","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}