{"doi":"10.1101/2021.05.16.444358","title":"pH-dependent 11° F <sub>1</sub> F <sub>o</sub> ATP synthase sub-steps reveal insight into the F <sub>o</sub> torque generating mechanism","abstract":"Abstract Most cellular ATP is made by rotary F 1 F o ATP synthases using proton translocation-generated clockwise torque on the F o c-ring rotor, while F 1 -ATP hydrolysis can force anticlockwise rotation and proton pumping. Although the interface of stator subunit-a containing the transmembrane half-channels and the c-ring is known from recent F 1 F o structures, the torque generating mechanism remains elusive. Here, single-molecule studies reveal pH-dependent 11° rotational sub-steps in the ATP synthase direction of the E. coli c 10 -ring of F 1 F o against the force of F 1 -ATPase-dependent rotation that result from H + transfer events from F o subunit-a groups with a low pKa to one c-subunit of the c-ring, and from an adjacent c-subunit to stator groups with a high pKa. Mutations of subunit-a residues in the proton translocation channels alter these pKa values, and the ability of synthase substeps to occur. Alternating 11° and 25° sub-steps then result in sustained ATP synthase rotation of the c 10 -ring.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":220788,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9577,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":820472,"name":"Wayne D. Frasch","orcid":"0000-0001-6590-7437","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":820942,"name":"Seiga Yanagisawa","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:53:50.838581Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}