{"doi":"10.1101/2021.04.24.441194","title":"Structure-activity mapping of the peptide- and force-dependent landscape of T-cell activation","abstract":"SUMMARY Adaptive immunity relies on T lymphocytes that use αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) to discriminate amongst peptides presented by MHC molecules (pMHCs). An enhanced ability to screen for pMHCs capable of inducing robust T-cell responses could have broad applications in diagnosing and treating immune diseases. T cell activation relies on biomechanical forces to initiate triggering of the TCR. Yet, most in vitro screening technologies for antigenic peptides test potential pMHCs for T cell binding without force and thus are often not predictive of activating peptides. Here, we present a technology that uses biomechanical force to initiate T cell triggering in high throughput. BATTLES ( B iomechanically- A ssisted T -cell T riggering for L arge-scale E xogenous-pMHC S creening) displays candidate pMHCs on spectrally encoded ‘smart beads’ capable of applying physiological loads to T cells, facilitating exploration of the force- and sequence-dependent landscape of T-cell responses. BATTLES can be used to explore basic T-cell mechanobiology and T cell-based immunotherapies.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":220674,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9551,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":820126,"name":"Xiang Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-0043-324X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":491162,"name":"Adam K. White","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218189,"name":"K. Christopher García","orcid":"0000-0001-9273-0278","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278296,"name":"Polly M. Fordyce","orcid":"0000-0002-9505-0638","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":491161,"name":"Yinnian Feng","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":65,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:53:46.965811Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}