{"doi":"10.1101/2021.03.09.434570","title":"The extracellular milieu of <i>Toxoplasma</i> ’s lytic cycle drives lab-adaptation and promotes changes in lipid metabolism primarily driven by transcriptional reprogramming","abstract":"Abstract To map host-independent in vitro virulence traits of Toxoplasma gondii , evolve and resequencing (E&amp;R) during the lab-adaption was applied. Phenotypic assessments of the lytic cycle revealed that only traits needed in the extracellular milieu evolved. Surprisingly, only non-synonymous mutations in a P4 flippase fixed in two populations. However, dramatic changes in the transcriptional signature of extracellular parasites revealed a “pro-tachyzoite” profile as well as upregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis (FASII) pathway genes. More general, a set of 300 genes which expression profile changes during evolution mapped to specific traits. Validation of a select number of genes in this set by knock-outs indeed confirmed their role in lab-adaptation. Finally, assembly of an ApiAP2 and Myb transcription factor network revealed the transcriptional program underlying the adapting extracellular state. Overall, E&amp;R is a new genomic tool successfully applied to map the development of polygenic traits underlying in vitro virulence of T. gondii .","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":220324,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9515,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":718517,"name":"Yasaman Rezvani","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251043,"name":"Andrew Farrell","orcid":"0000-0001-5312-7994","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227592,"name":"Amir Vajdi","orcid":"0000-0001-8271-8566","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":54991,"name":"Gábor Marth","orcid":"0000-0003-0222-1694","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245983,"name":"Kourosh Zarringhalam","orcid":"0000-0002-5108-8108","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559240,"name":"Marc‐Jan Gubbels","orcid":"0000-0002-2769-8600","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":819848,"name":"Vincent Primo","orcid":"0000-0003-0741-8306","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":85,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:53:46.965811Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}