{"doi":"10.1101/2021.02.03.429596","title":"Multi-modal artificial dura for simultaneous large-scale optical access and large-scale electrophysiology in non-human primate cortex","abstract":"Abstract Objective Non-human primates (NHPs) are critical for development of translational neural technologies because of their neurological and neuroanatomical similarities to humans. Large-scale neural interfaces in NHPs with multiple modalities for stimulation and data collection poise us to unveil network-scale dynamics of both healthy and unhealthy neural systems. We aim to develop a large-scale multi-modal interface for NHPs for the purpose of studying large-scale neural phenomena including neural disease, damage, and recovery. Approach We present a multi-modal artificial dura (MMAD) composed of flexible conductive traces printed into transparent medical grade polymer. Our MMAD provides simultaneous neurophysiological recordings and optical access to large areas of the cortex (~3 cm 2 ) and is designed to mitigate photo-induced electrical artifacts. The MMAD is the centerpiece of the interfaces we have designed to support electrocorticographic recording and stimulation, cortical imaging, and optogenetic experiments, all at the large-scales afforded by the brains of NHPs. We performed electrical and optical experiments bench-side and in vivo with macaques to validate the utility of our MMAD. Main results Using our MMAD we present large-scale electrocorticography from sensorimotor cortex of three macaques. Furthermore, we validated surface electrical stimulation in one of our animals. Our bench-side testing showed up to 90% reduction of photo-induced artifacts with our MMAD. The transparency of our MMAD was confirmed both via bench-side testing (87% transmittance) and via in vivo imaging of blood flow from the underlying microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography. Significance Our results indicate that our MMAD supports large-scale electrocorticography, large-scale cortical imaging, and, by extension, large-scale optical stimulation. The MMAD prepares the way for both acute and long-term chronic experiments with complimentary data collection and stimulation modalities. When paired with the complex behaviors and cognitive abilities of NHPs, these assets prepare us to study large-scale neural phenomena including neural disease, damage, and recovery.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2021,"id":218366,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8954,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":708484,"name":"Karam Khateeb","orcid":"0000-0003-3005-2197","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":708485,"name":"Jasmine Zhou","orcid":"0000-0001-9063-9518","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":816164,"name":"Teng Liu","orcid":"0009-0008-9960-2541","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":284472,"name":"Ruikang K. Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-5169-8822","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266453,"name":"Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad","orcid":"0000-0001-5212-509X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":389988,"name":"Devon J. Griggs","orcid":"0000-0001-7059-7699","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:53:29.626149Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}