{"doi":"10.1101/2020.12.01.407148","title":"Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cell Responses Differ by Sex in COVID-19","abstract":"ABSTRACT Sexual dimorphisms in immune responses contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, yet the mechanisms governing this disparity remain incompletely understood. We carried out sex-balanced sampling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from confirmed COVID-19 inpatients and outpatients, uninfected close contacts, and healthy controls for 36-color flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing. Our results revealed a pronounced reduction of circulating mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in infected females. Integration of published COVID-19 airway tissue datasets implicate that this reduction represented a major wave of MAIT cell extravasation during early infection in females. Moreover, female MAIT cells possessed an immunologically active gene signature, whereas male counterparts were pro-apoptotic. Collectively, our findings uncover a female-specific protective MAIT profile, potentially shedding light on reduced COVID-19 susceptibility in females.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":125667,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9495,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":449920,"name":"Sejiro Littleton","orcid":"0000-0002-4845-4170","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559048,"name":"Nicholas Giroux","orcid":"0000-0003-3801-4689","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":572393,"name":"Rose Mathew","orcid":"0000-0001-7376-1837","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":558619,"name":"Shengli Ding","orcid":"0000-0003-4657-1506","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":475465,"name":"Joan Kalnitsky","orcid":"0009-0008-7025-0749","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559858,"name":"Elizabeth Petzold","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559859,"name":"Hong A. Chung","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559049,"name":"Grecia O. Rivera","orcid":"0000-0003-3584-0184","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559860,"name":"Tomer Rotstein","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559051,"name":"Rui Xi","orcid":"0000-0002-7997-2341","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104990,"name":"Emily R. Ko","orcid":"0000-0003-0542-3750","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355864,"name":"Ephraim L. Tsalik","orcid":"0000-0002-6417-2042","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225651,"name":"Gregory D. Sempowski","orcid":"0000-0003-0391-6594","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325732,"name":"Thomas N. Denny","orcid":"0000-0002-7364-8276","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":37802,"name":"Thomas W. Burke","orcid":"0000-0003-0592-5822","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355859,"name":"Micah T. McClain","orcid":"0000-0001-8034-1136","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":33039,"name":"Christopher W. Woods","orcid":"0000-0001-7240-2453","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":324234,"name":"Xiling Shen","orcid":"0000-0002-4978-3531","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449921,"name":"Daniel R. Saban","orcid":"0000-0003-4177-8065","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":567013,"name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-9651-9875","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:15:19.482428Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}