{"doi":"10.1101/2020.10.31.20221374","title":"A Benchmark Dose Analysis for Maternal Pregnancy Urine-Fluoride and IQ in Children","abstract":"As a safe exposure level for fluoride in pregnancy has not been established, we used data from two prospective studies for benchmark dose modeling. We included mother-child pairs from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort in Mexico and the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort in Canada. Children were assessed for IQ at age 4 (n=211) and between 6 and 12 years (n=287) in the ELEMENT cohort and between ages 3 and 4 years (n=512) in the MIREC cohort. We calculated covariate-adjusted regression coefficients and their standard errors to explore the concentration-effect function for maternal urinary fluoride with children's IQ, including possible sex-dependence. Assuming a benchmark response of 1 IQ point, we derived benchmark concentrations (BMCs) of maternal urinary fluoride and benchmark concentration levels (BMCLs). No deviation from linearity was detected from the results of the two studies. Using a linear slope, the BMC for maternal urinary fluoride associated with a 1-point decrease in IQ scores of preschool-aged boys and girls was 0.29 mg/L (BMCL, 0.18 mg/L). The BMC was 0.30 mg/L (BMCL, 0.19 mg/L) when pooling the IQ scores from the older ELEMENT children and the MIREC cohort. Boys showed slightly lower BMC values compared with girls. Relying on two prospective studies, maternal urine-fluoride exposure at levels commonly occurring in the general population, the joint data showed BMCL results about 0.2 mg/L. These results can be used to guide decisions on preventing excess fluoride exposure in vulnerable populations.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2020,"id":125530,"datarank":0.31237029098008673,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.14757844767987024,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.14757844767987024,"corpus_percentile":46.31391660864856,"corpus_rank":6941,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":2,"citers_with_endowment":2,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7864,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":23088,"name":"Howard Hu","orcid":"0000-0002-3676-2707","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":340178,"name":"Christine Till","orcid":"0000-0001-5030-3155","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":340177,"name":"Rivka Green","orcid":"0000-0001-6829-1455","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":571679,"name":"Morteza Bashash","orcid":"0000-0002-5574-0087","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":571680,"name":"David B. Flora","orcid":"0000-0001-7472-0914","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307119,"name":"Martha María Téllez‐Rojo","orcid":"0000-0003-3322-3334","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325568,"name":"Peter X.‐K. Song","orcid":"0000-0001-7881-7182","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301984,"name":"Bruce P. Lanphear","orcid":"0000-0003-2598-5574","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285521,"name":"Esben Budtz–Jørgensen","orcid":"0000-0002-5551-0724","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285523,"name":"Philippe Grandjean","orcid":"0000-0003-4046-9658","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:15:15.482227Z","pmid":"33173917","pmcid":"PMC7654913","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}