{"doi":"10.1101/2020.09.24.312025","title":"Three-Dimensional Impedance Tomographic Mapping of Metabolically Active Endolumen","abstract":"Abstract Real-time detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, characterized by a high content of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-laden macrophages or foam cells, remains an unmet clinical need. While fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularization in angiographically intermediate stenoses is utilized to assess hemodynamic significance, in vivo detection of oxLDL-rich plaques may provide a new paradigm for treating metabolically unstable lesions. Herein, we have demonstrated endoluminal mapping of lipid-laden lesions using 3-D electrical impedance spectroscopy-derived impedance tomography (EIT) in a pre-clinical swine model. We performed surgical banding of the right carotid arteries of Yucatan mini-pigs, followed by 16 weeks of high-fat diet, to promote the development of lipid-rich lesions. We implemented an intravascular sensor combining an FFR pressure transducer with a 6-point micro-electrode array for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. 3-D EIT mapping was achieved using an EIS-based reconstruction algorithm. We demonstrated that EIT mapping corresponds to endoluminal histology for oxLDL-laden lesions. We further used computational models to theoretically predict and validate EIS measurements. Thus, our 3-D EIS-derived EIT provides in vivo detection of metabolically active plaques with the goal of guiding optimal intravascular intervention. One Sentence Summary This work demonstrates in vivo mapping of oxidized LDL-laden endolumen by deploying an intravascular dual-sensor to a swine model of atherosclerosis.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":131105,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9544,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":584467,"name":"Yuan Luo","orcid":"0000-0003-3153-7495","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":585063,"name":"Zi-Yu Huang","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584468,"name":"Mehrdad Roustaei","orcid":"0000-0001-5765-3879","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449704,"name":"Sandra Duarte‐Vogel","orcid":"0000-0002-0456-1054","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":585064,"name":"Quinyu Cui","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584469,"name":"René R. Sevag Packard","orcid":"0000-0002-8520-5843","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584470,"name":"Ramin Ebrahimi","orcid":"0000-0002-1412-4392","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107503,"name":"Peyman Benharash","orcid":"0000-0002-4705-0262","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584471,"name":"Yu‐Chong Tai","orcid":"0000-0001-8529-106X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385049,"name":"Tzung K. Hsiai","orcid":"0000-0003-1734-0792","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385042,"name":"Parinaz Abiri","orcid":"0000-0002-0520-6863","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":57,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:16:00.235845Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}