{"doi":"10.1101/2020.09.22.308965","title":"Cross-reactive serum and memory B cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection","abstract":"Pre-existing immune responses to seasonal endemic coronaviruses could have profound consequences for antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, either induced in natural infection or through vaccination. Such consequences are well established in the influenza and flavivirus fields. A first step to establish whether pre-existing responses can impact SARS-CoV-2 infection is to understand the nature and extent of cross-reactivity in humans to coronaviruses. We compared serum antibody and memory B cell responses to coronavirus spike (S) proteins from pre-pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors using a series of binding and functional assays. We found weak evidence of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive serum antibodies in pre-pandemic donors. However, we found stronger evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells that were activated on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from the donors showed varying degrees of cross-reactivity with betacoronaviruses, including SARS and endemic coronaviruses. None of the cross-reactive mAbs were neutralizing except for one that targeted the S2 subunit of the S protein. The results suggest that pre-existing immunity to endemic coronaviruses should be considered in evaluating antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":118372,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":97,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9549,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":550369,"name":"Wanting He","orcid":"0000-0003-4692-3516","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550370,"name":"Sean Callaghan","orcid":"0000-0003-2966-994X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550371,"name":"Fabio Anzanello","orcid":"0000-0002-9891-6476","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108972,"name":"Deli Huang","orcid":"0000-0002-6989-639X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550372,"name":"James Ricketts","orcid":"0000-0002-9057-5937","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106545,"name":"Jonathan L. Torres","orcid":"0000-0003-0137-8497","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428253,"name":"Nathan Beutler","orcid":"0000-0003-3240-9524","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":300949,"name":"Linghang Peng","orcid":"0000-0002-3600-2134","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":551303,"name":"Sirena Vargas","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":551304,"name":"Jon Cassell","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428255,"name":"Mara Parren","orcid":"0000-0003-0067-0154","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":300950,"name":"Linlin Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-5602-4157","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243561,"name":"Caroline Ignacio","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36878,"name":"Davey M. Smith","orcid":"0000-0003-3603-1733","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109547,"name":"James E. Voss","orcid":"0000-0002-4777-1596","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109546,"name":"David Nemazee","orcid":"0000-0002-4769-6311","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230082,"name":"Andrew B. Ward","orcid":"0000-0001-7153-3769","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108976,"name":"Thomas F. Rogers","orcid":"0000-0001-9756-327X","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108980,"name":"Dennis R. Burton","orcid":"0000-0001-6711-9864","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":294229,"name":"Raiees Andrabi","orcid":"0000-0001-8837-7520","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":527092,"name":"Ge Song","orcid":"0000-0001-7306-3510","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:58.531532Z","pmid":"32995770","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}