{"doi":"10.1101/2020.09.18.20196162","title":"Quantification of non-persistent pesticides in small volumes of human breast milk with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry","abstract":"Abstract Existing methods for the analysis of pesticides in breast milk involves multiple extraction steps requiring large sample and solvent volumes, which can be a major obstacle in large epidemiologic studies. Here, we developed a simple, low-volume method for extracting organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, atrazine and imidacloprid from 100-200 µL of human breast milk. We tested microwave-assisted acid/base digestion and double solvent extraction with 2 or 20 mL of 2:1 (v/v) dichloromethane/hexane, with or without subsequent solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Analyte recoveries and reproducibility were highest when 100-200 µL milk were extracted with 2 mL of dichloromethane/hexane without subsequent SPE steps. Analysis of 79 breast milk samples using this method revealed the presence of carbamates, organophsphates, pyrethroids and imidacloprid at detection frequencies of 79-96%, 53-90%, 1-7% and 61%, respectively. This study provides a simple, low-volume method for measuring pesticides in human breast milk.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2020,"id":131011,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9515,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":441862,"name":"Jennifer T. Smilowitz","orcid":"0000-0003-1165-1944","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584308,"name":"Carl K. Winter","orcid":"0000-0002-3856-9695","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584309,"name":"Shiva Emami","orcid":"0000-0002-4237-3097","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":288819,"name":"Rebecca J. Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0003-1582-2747","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":288817,"name":"Deborah H. Bennett","orcid":"0000-0001-6698-2316","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104429,"name":"Irva Hertz‐Picciotto","orcid":"0000-0001-6952-2390","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":369919,"name":"Ameer Y. Taha","orcid":"0000-0003-4611-7450","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":349079,"name":"Theresa L. Pedersen","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":45,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:16:00.235845Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}