{"doi":"10.1101/2020.08.05.20168492","title":"Differentiating kinds of systemic chronic stressors with relation to psychotic-like experiences in late childhood and early adolescence: the stimulation, discrepancy, and deprivation model of psychosis","abstract":"Abstract INTRODUCTION Chronic stress exposure occurs at the systems level, and is a key etiological factor in the development of psychotic disorders. However, conceptualizations distinguishing the impact of distinct dimensions of stress exposure are lacking; further, the magnitude of effect for differing exposures has yet to be explored. METHODS Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to distinguish domains of environmental exposures in a nationally representative sample of 7,446 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Environmental exposures were associated to psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). The magnitude of associations was compared among different environmental exposures. As an exploratory aim, objective versus subjective measures of environmental risk exposure were compared. RESULTS Six factors were defined, four of which fit theoretically with the Stimulation Discrepancy, and Deprivation (SDD) theory of developmental stress exposure and psychosis. The three domains of stimulation (high attentional demands and lack of safety), discrepancy (low social capital, social exclusion and lack of belonging), and deprivation (lack of developmentally appropriate environmental enrichment) were associated with PLEs, as predicted. Compared to exposures in other domains, exposures in the deprivation domain exhibited a significantly stronger association with PLEs. Objective and subjective measures converged in direction of association, though self-report stimulation exhibited a significantly stronger association with PLEs compared to objective stimulation domain measures. DISCUSSION Current results suggest considering distinct environmental exposures as they relate to psychosis liability could inform putative mechanisms and degrees of vulnerability. The approach offers a valuable perspective to health policy efforts aimed at psychopathology prevention and intervention efforts.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2020,"id":130597,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9528,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":293077,"name":"Katherine S. F. Damme","orcid":"0000-0003-4260-1528","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":316462,"name":"K. Juston Osborne","orcid":"0000-0002-2251-2029","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249472,"name":"Vijay A. Mittal","orcid":"0000-0001-9017-5119","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":293076,"name":"Teresa Vargas","orcid":"0000-0001-9104-9130","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":94,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:15:56.698770Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}