{"doi":"10.1101/2020.07.29.227462","title":"SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Interacts with Multiple Innate Immune Receptors","abstract":"The spike (S) glycoprotein in the envelope of SARS-CoV-2 is densely glycosylated but the functions of its glycosylation are unknown. Here we demonstrate that S is recognized in a glycan-dependent manner by multiple innate immune receptors including the mannose receptor MR/CD206, DC-SIGN/CD209, L-SIGN/CD209L, and MGL/CLEC10A/CD301. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses indicate that such receptors are highly expressed in innate immune cells in tissues susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Binding of the above receptors to S is characterized by affinities in the picomolar range and consistent with S glycosylation analysis demonstrating a variety of N- and O-glycans as receptor ligands. These results indicate multiple routes for SARS-CoV-2 to interact with human cells and suggest alternative strategies for therapeutic intervention.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":118308,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":122,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9614,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":550276,"name":"Junwei Zeng","orcid":"0000-0002-8817-3744","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292906,"name":"Nan Jia","orcid":"0000-0002-6317-269X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":378380,"name":"Kathrin Stavenhagen","orcid":"0000-0001-9322-2945","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292908,"name":"Yasuyuki Matsumoto","orcid":"0000-0003-2606-2616","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550277,"name":"Hua Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-4326-7875","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550278,"name":"Li Jiang","orcid":"0000-0003-0891-8775","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232289,"name":"Adam J. Hume","orcid":"0000-0001-8454-3472","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232302,"name":"Elke Mühlberger","orcid":"0000-0003-3547-9376","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550279,"name":"Irma van Die","orcid":"0000-0002-1505-0452","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253650,"name":"Julian Kwan","orcid":"0000-0002-9199-1828","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":320638,"name":"Kelan G. Tantisira","orcid":"0000-0003-2950-3384","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253656,"name":"Andrew Emili","orcid":"0000-0001-8995-246X","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231529,"name":"Richard D. Cummings","orcid":"0000-0002-8918-5034","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292909,"name":"Chao Gao","orcid":"0000-0003-3489-3989","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":68,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:58.531532Z","pmid":"32766577","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}