{"doi":"10.1101/2020.06.29.178160","title":"Unique actions of GABA arising from cytoplasmic chloride microdomains","abstract":"Abstract Developmental, cellular, and subcellular variations in the direction of neuronal Cl − currents elicited by GABA A receptor activation have been frequently reported, and we found a corresponding variance in the reversal potential (E GABA ) for individual interneurons synapsing on a single pyramidal cell. These findings suggest a corresponding variance in the cytoplasmic concentration of Cl − ([Cl − i ]). We determined [Cl − ] i by: 1) two-photon imaging of the Cl − sensitive, ratiometric fluorescent protein SuperClomeleon (sCLM); 2) Fluorescence Lifetime IMaging (FLIM) of the Cl − sensitive fluorophore MEQ; and 3) electrophysiological measurements of E GABA . These methods collectively demonstrated stable [Cl − ] i microdomains in individual neurons in vivo . Fluorometric and electrophysiological estimates of local [Cl − ] i were highly correlated. [Cl − ] i microdomains persisted after pharmacological inhibition of cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) but steadily decreased after inhibiting the polymerization of the anionic macromolecule actin. These studies highlight the existence of functionally significant neuronal Cl − microdomains that modify the impact of GABAergic inputs.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":120496,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9398,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":557827,"name":"Kieran P. Normoyle","orcid":"0000-0003-1375-5958","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":557828,"name":"Joseph Glykys","orcid":"0000-0002-1499-9172","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364391,"name":"Volodymyr Dzhala","orcid":"0009-0001-2875-4352","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":557829,"name":"Kyle P. Lillis","orcid":"0000-0003-0219-8113","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240759,"name":"Kristopher T. Kahle","orcid":"0000-0002-5922-7547","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":558429,"name":"Rehan Raiyyani","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":558430,"name":"Theju Jacob","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364392,"name":"Kevin J. Staley","orcid":"0000-0002-3072-518X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":557826,"name":"Negah Rahmati","orcid":"0000-0002-0709-5976","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":93,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:14:33.640077Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}