{"doi":"10.1101/2020.06.19.160879","title":"Cross-neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 is present in currently available intravenous immunoglobulins","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a crucial need for effective therapies that are immediately available to counteract COVID-19 disease. Recently, ELISA binding cross-reactivity against components of human epidemic coronaviruses with currently available intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) Gamunex-C and Flebogamma DIF (5% and 10%) have been reported. In this study, the same products were tested for neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and their potential as an antiviral therapy.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The neutralization capacity of six selected lots of IVIG was assessed against SARS-CoV-2 (two different isolates), SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in cell cultures. Infectivity neutralization was measured by determining the percent reduction in plaque-forming units (PFU) and by cytopathic effects for two IVIG lots in one of the SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Neutralization was quantified using the plaque reduction neutralization test 50 (PRNT\n                    <jats:sub>50</jats:sub>\n                    ) in the PFU assay and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50</jats:sub>\n                    ) in the cytopathic/cytotoxic method (calculated as the minus log\n                    <jats:sub>10</jats:sub>\n                    dilution which reduced the viral titer by 50%).\n                  </jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    All IVIG preparations showed neutralization of both SARS-CoV-2 isolates, ranging from 79 to 89.5% with PRNT\n                    <jats:sub>50</jats:sub>\n                    titers from 4.5 to &gt;5 for the PFU method and ranging from 47.0%-64.7% with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50</jats:sub>\n                    ~1 for the cytopathic method. All IVIG lots produced neutralization of SARS-CoV ranging from 39.5 to 55.1 % and PRNT\n                    <jats:sub>50</jats:sub>\n                    values ranging from 2.0 to 3.3. No IVIG preparation showed significant neutralizing activity against MERS-CoV.\n                  </jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In cell culture neutralization assays, the tested IVIG products contain antibodies with significant cross-neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. However, no neutralization capacity was demonstrated against MERS-CoV. These preparations are currently available and may be immediately useful for COVID-19 management.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":null,"id":21399,"datarank":0.6463839551105385,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"self_citation_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citation_network_contribution":0.2616415514913079,"self_endowment_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citer_contribution":0.2616415514913079,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":11,"citers_with_citation_signal":8,"citers_with_endowment":8,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":137903,"name":"Carolina Romero","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137905,"name":"Júlia Vergara-Alert","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137906,"name":"Melissa Belló-Perez","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137909,"name":"Jordi Rodon","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137911,"name":"José Manuel Honrubia","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137913,"name":"Joaquim Segalés","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137915,"name":"Isabel Sola","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137917,"name":"Luis Enjuanes","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137919,"name":"Rodrigo Gajardo","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137901,"name":"José-María Díez","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"21071399","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"green","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/06/19/2020.06.19.160879.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2020.06.19.160879","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/214919","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://ddd.uab.cat/record/232719","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":[],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-06T15:47:04.708869Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}