{"doi":"10.1101/2020.05.12.20098236","title":"Anti-Spike, anti-Nucleocapsid and neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 inpatients and asymptomatic carriers","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to monitor the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in infected patients.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In order to assess the time of seroconversion, we used 151 samples from 30 COVID-19 inpatients and monitored the detection kinetics of anti-S1, anti-S2, anti-RBD and anti-N antibodies with in-house ELISAs. We also monitored the presence of neutralizing antibodies in these samples as well as 25 asymptomatic carrier samples using retroviral particles pseudotyped with the spike of the SARS-CoV-2.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We observed that specific antibodies were detectable in all inpatients two weeks post-symptom onset. The detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and RBD was more sensitive than the detection of the S1 or S2 subunits. Neutralizing antibodies reached a plateau two weeks post-symptom onset and then declined in the majority of inpatients. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies were undetectable in 56% of asymptomatic carriers.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results raise questions concerning the role played by neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 cure and protection against secondary infection. They also suggest that induction of neutralizing antibodies is not the only strategy to adopt for the development of a vaccine. Finally, they imply that anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies should be titrated to optimize convalescent plasma therapy.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Highlights</jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Specific antibodies are detectable in 100% COVID-19 inpatients two weeks post-symptom onset.</jats:p>\n                    </jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>The detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Receptor Binding Domain is more sensitive than the detection of the S1 or S2 subunits.</jats:p>\n                    </jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Neutralizing antibodies reach a plateau two weeks post-symptom onset and then decline in the majority of inpatients.</jats:p>\n                    </jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Neutralizing antibodies are undetectable in the majority of asymptomatic carriers.</jats:p>\n                    </jats:list-item>\n                  </jats:list>\n                </jats:sec>","journal":null,"year":null,"id":595289,"datarank":0.47032413238937254,"base_score":3.1354942159291497,"endowment":3.1354942159291497,"self_citation_contribution":0.47032413238937254,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.47032413238937254,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":22,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1524296,"name":"Baptiste Demey","orcid":"0000-0002-5456-6654","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1524298,"name":"Antoine Touzé","orcid":"0000-0002-9856-9945","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":683203,"name":"Sandrine Belouzard","orcid":"0000-0002-9972-4054","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":417445,"name":"Jean Dubuisson","orcid":"0000-0003-1626-7693","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1524300,"name":"Jean-Luc Schmit","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1524301,"name":"Gilles Duverlie","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1524302,"name":"Catherine Francois","orcid":"0000-0002-1797-4253","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1524303,"name":"Sandrine Castelain","orcid":"0000-0002-2670-3148","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1524304,"name":"Francois Helle","orcid":"0000-0001-6884-2456","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1374352,"name":"Étienne Brochot","orcid":"0000-0002-8677-6349","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Anti-Spike, anti-Nucleocapsid and neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 inpatients and asymptomatic carriers","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to monitor the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in infected patients.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In order to assess the time of seroconversion, we used 151 samples from 30 COVID-19 inpatients and monitored the detection kinetics of anti-S1, anti-S2, anti-RBD and anti-N antibodies with in-house ELISAs. We also monitored the presence of neutralizing antibodies in these samples as well as 25 asymptomatic carrier samples using retroviral particles pseudotyped with the spike of the SARS-CoV-2.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We observed that specific antibodies were detectable in all inpatients two weeks post-symptom onset. The detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and RBD was more sensitive than the detection of the S1 or S2 subunits. Neutralizing antibodies reached a plateau two weeks post-symptom onset and then declined in the majority of inpatients. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies were undetectable in 56% of asymptomatic carriers.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results raise questions concerning the role played by neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 cure and protection against secondary infection. They also suggest that induction of neutralizing antibodies is not the only strategy to adopt for the development of a vaccine. Finally, they imply that anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies should be titrated to optimize convalescent plasma therapy.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Highlights</jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Specific antibodies are detectable in 100% COVID-19 inpatients two weeks post-symptom onset.</jats:p>\n                    </jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>The detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Receptor Binding Domain is more sensitive than the detection of the S1 or S2 subunits.</jats:p>\n                    </jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Neutralizing antibodies reach a plateau two weeks post-symptom onset and then decline in the majority of inpatients.</jats:p>\n                    </jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Neutralizing antibodies are undetectable in the majority of asymptomatic carriers.</jats:p>\n                    </jats:list-item>\n                  </jats:list>\n                </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.1354942159291497,"endowment":3.1354942159291497,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"23304386","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3025921416","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2020,"count":15},{"year":2021,"count":5},{"year":2023,"count":2}],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/06/08/2020.05.12.20098236.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/06/08/2020.05.12.20098236.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2020.05.12.20098236","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.12.20098236","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Antibody","Seroconversion","Asymptomatic","Virology","Neutralizing antibody","Asymptomatic carrier","Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","Medicine","Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","Neutralization","Immunology","Internal medicine","Disease"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"gen"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-27T17:05:33.133399Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}