{"doi":"10.1101/2020.05.06.079046","title":"Skin Delivery of Modified Vaccinia Ankara Viral Vectors Generates Superior T Cell Immunity Against a Respiratory Viral Challenge","abstract":"Abstract Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) was recently approved as a Smallpox vaccine. Transmission of Variola is by respiratory droplets, and MVA delivered by skin scarification (s.s.) protected mice far more effectively against lethal respiratory challenge with VACV than any other route of delivery, and at much lower doses. Comparisons of s.s. with intradermal, subcutaneous or intramuscular routes showed that MVA OVA s.s.-generated T cells were both more abundant and transcriptionally distinct. MVA OVA s.s. produced greater numbers of lung Ova-specific CD8 + T RM and was superior in protecting mice against lethal VACV OVA respiratory challenge. Nearly as many lung T RM were generated with MVA OVA s.s. compared to direct pulmonary immunization with MVA OVA , and both routes vaccination protected mice against lethal pulmonary challenge with VACV OVA . Strikingly, MVA OVA s.s.-generated effector T cells exhibited overlapping gene transcriptional profiles to those generated via direct pulmonary immunization. Overall, our data suggest that heterologous MVA vectors delivered via s.s. are uniquely well-suited as vaccine vectors for respiratory pathogens like COVID-19. In addition, MVA delivered via s.s. could represent a more effective dose-sparing smallpox vaccine.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":124834,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9533,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":570063,"name":"Luzheng Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-1746-4517","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":502585,"name":"Tian Tian","orcid":"0000-0001-6317-943X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":502586,"name":"Jingxia Zhao","orcid":"0009-0003-4553-7274","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":570064,"name":"Chang Ook Park","orcid":"0000-0003-3856-1201","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":503739,"name":"Serena Lofftus","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":503741,"name":"Claire A. Stingley","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233285,"name":"Shenglin Mei","orcid":"0000-0001-8258-5898","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":570065,"name":"Xing Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-1385-9749","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292500,"name":"Thomas S. Kupper","orcid":"0000-0002-4229-2916","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":503740,"name":"Youdong Pan","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:15:11.632153Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}