{"doi":"10.1101/2020.05.01.073239","title":"Clockwise and counterclockwise hysteresis characterize state changes in the same aquatic ecosystem","abstract":"Incremental increases in a driver variable, such as nutrients or detritus, can trigger abrupt shifts in aquatic ecosys-tems. Once these ecosystems change state, a simple reduction in the driver variable may not return them to their original state. Because of the long time scales involved, we still have a poor understanding of the dynamics of ecosys-tem recovery after a state change. A model system for understanding ecosystem recovery is the aquatic microecosystem that inhabits the cup-shaped leaves of the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea . With enrichment of organic matter, this system flips within 1 to 3 days from an oxygen-rich state to an oxygen-poor (hypoxic) state. In a replicated green-house experiment, we enriched pitcher plant leaves at different rates with bovine serum albumin (BSA), a molecular substitute for detritus. Changes in dissolved oxygen ([O 2 ]) and undigested BSA concentration were monitored during enrichment and recovery phases. At low enrichment rates, ecosystems showed a substantial lag in the recovery of [O 2 ] (clockwise hysteresis). At intermediate enrichment rates, [O 2 ] tracked the levels of undigested BSA with the same profile during the enrichment and recovery phases (no hysteresis). At high enrichment rates, we observed a novel response: changes in [O 2 ] were proportionally larger during the recovery phase than during the enrichment phase (counter-clockwise hysteresis). These experiments demonstrate that detrital enrichment rate can modulate a diversity of hysteretic responses in a single aquatic ecosystem. With counter-clockwise hysteresis, rapid reduction of a driver variable following high enrichment rates may be a viable restoration strategy.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":129583,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9557,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":431343,"name":"Vanessa Avalone","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430386,"name":"Aaron M. Ellison","orcid":"0000-0003-4151-6081","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364789,"name":"Bryan A. Ballif","orcid":"0000-0001-7650-3817","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430387,"name":"Nicholas J. Gotelli","orcid":"0000-0002-5409-7456","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430385,"name":"Amanda C. Northrop","orcid":"0000-0002-3663-8976","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:15:49.682497Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}