{"doi":"10.1101/2020.03.11.988238","title":"Immune Digital Twin Blueprint: A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model of the Human Immune System","abstract":"Abstract The immune system is a complex and dynamic network, crucial for combating infections and maintaining health. Developing a comprehensive digital twin of the immune system requires incorporating essential cellular components and their interactions. This study presents the first blueprint for an immune system digital twin, consisting of a comprehensive and simulatable mechanistic model. It integrates 51 innate and adaptive immune cells, 37 secretory factors, and 11 disease conditions, providing the foundation for developing a multi-scale model. The cellular-level model demonstrates its potential in characterizing immune responses to various single and combinatorial disease conditions. By making the model available in easy-to-use formats directly in the Cell Collective platform, the community can easily and further expand it. This blueprint represents a significant step towards developing general-purpose immune digital twins, with far-reaching implications for the future of digital twin technology in life sciences and healthcare, advancing patient care, and accelerating precision medicine.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":123526,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7643,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":566419,"name":"Sara Sadat Aghamiri","orcid":"0000-0003-4440-7059","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":416326,"name":"Bhanwar Lal Puniya","orcid":"0000-0001-7528-3568","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":566827,"name":"Lauren Mayo","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":566828,"name":"Dennis Startsev","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":566829,"name":"Kashish Poore","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":526435,"name":"Resa Helikar","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":234783,"name":"Tomáš Helikar","orcid":"0000-0003-3653-1906","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399181,"name":"Rada Amin","orcid":"0000-0002-9907-1831","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":187,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:14:59.547352Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}