{"doi":"10.1101/2020.02.28.970400","title":"Tissue-resident CD4 <sup>+</sup> T helper cells assist protective respiratory mucosal B and CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell memory responses","abstract":"Abstract The roles of CD4 + T helper cells (T H ) in shaping localized memory B and CD8 + T cell immunity in the mucosal tissues are largely unexplored. Here, we report that lung T H cells provide local assistance for the optimal development of tissue-resident memory B (B RM ) and CD8 + T (T RM ) cells following the resolution of primary influenza virus infection. We identify a population of tissue-resident CD4 + T H ( aka T RH ) cells that co-exhibit follicular T helper (T FH ) and T RM cell features and mediate local help of CD4 + T cells to B and CD8 + T cells. Optimal T RH cell formation requires lung B cells and transcription factors involved in T FH or T RM development. Further, we show that T RH cells deliver local help to B and CD8 T cells through CD40L and IL-21-dependent mechanisms. Our data have uncovered a new tissue-resident T H cell population that is specialized in assisting the development of mucosal protective B and CD8 + T cell responses in situ .","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":123477,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9596,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":256580,"name":"In Su Cheon","orcid":"0000-0001-5160-7783","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256577,"name":"Yue Wu","orcid":"0000-0003-3667-2960","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256578,"name":"Chaofan Li","orcid":"0000-0002-5426-1498","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256579,"name":"Zheng Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-6002-5299","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":39928,"name":"Chen Yao","orcid":"0000-0001-6852-5661","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251515,"name":"Yoshimasa Takahashi","orcid":"0000-0001-6342-4087","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270442,"name":"Alexander L. Dent","orcid":"0000-0001-7226-8936","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285837,"name":"Mark H. Kaplan","orcid":"0000-0002-2923-8245","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230370,"name":"Yang‐Xin Fu","orcid":"0000-0001-8441-6617","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":414019,"name":"Justin J. Taylor","orcid":"0000-0001-9718-2901","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302507,"name":"Weiguo Cui","orcid":"0000-0003-1562-9218","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":254567,"name":"Jie Sun","orcid":"0000-0002-2347-4511","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":254566,"name":"Young Min Son","orcid":"0000-0003-2978-8703","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":88,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:14:59.547352Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}