{"doi":"10.1101/2020.02.22.960278","title":"Latent Plasticity of Effector-like Exhausted CD8 T cells contributes to memory responses","abstract":"Abstract Persistent antigen induces a dysfunctional CD8 T cell state known as T cell “exhaustion” characterized by expression of PD-1 and decreased effector functions. Nevertheless, dysfunctional CD8 T cells can mediate control of antigen burden which is long-lasting. While heterogeneity of exhausted CD8 T cells has been described, the cells which actively proliferate and exert viral control have remained elusive. Here, we define subsets of PD-1 + CD8 T cells during chronic infection marked by expression of CX3CR1 with substantial in situ proliferation and high expression of granzyme B. Moreover, these cells maintain the effector pool through self-renewal independently of previously defined stem-like cells. Unexpectedly, CX3CR1 + CD8 T cells retain plasticity to be reprogrammed to memory cells through expression of TCF-1 and re-gain polyfunctionality. Thus, we define a subset of effector-like exhausted CD8 T cells with capacity to contribute to the memory pool, offering a prime target for novel immunotherapies.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2020,"id":122595,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9522,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":564288,"name":"Yu Xia","orcid":"0000-0002-6397-1205","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237496,"name":"Bence Dániel","orcid":"0000-0002-2410-8767","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227860,"name":"Kathryn E. Yost","orcid":"0000-0001-6807-950X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":564289,"name":"Elliot Bradshaw","orcid":"0000-0002-5477-5309","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":564290,"name":"Elena Tonc","orcid":"0000-0002-6604-6496","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":564291,"name":"Daniel Verbaro","orcid":"0000-0001-5624-2488","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":21653,"name":"Ansuman T. Satpathy","orcid":"0000-0002-5167-537X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":564292,"name":"Takeshi Egawa","orcid":"0000-0001-7489-1051","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":564287,"name":"Saravanan Raju","orcid":"0000-0003-3216-5574","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:14:55.385653Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}