{"doi":"10.1099/vir.0.82476-0","title":"Soluble 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate can trigger herpes simplex virus type 1 entry into resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells","abstract":"<jats:p>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) interaction with glycoprotein D (gD) receptors facilitates virus entry into cells. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells lacking cellular receptors allow virus to attach, but not to enter, implying a role for receptors during the post-attachment (entry) phase of HSV-1 infection. Here, it is shown that the presence of soluble heparan sulfate (HS) modified by 3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>-sulfotransferase-3 (3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>ST-3), but not by 3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>ST-1, triggered HSV-1 entry into resistant CHO-K1 cells. It was further demonstrated that a CHO-K1 mutant deficient in glycosaminoglycan synthesis became susceptible to entry when spinoculated in the presence of 3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>ST-3-modified soluble HS, indicating that the role of the gD receptor is to trigger entry rather than cell attachment. In separate experiments, 3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>ST-3-modified soluble HS also triggered fusion of HSV-1 glycoprotein-expressing cells with CHO-K1 cells. Taken together, these results show that association of gD with cell surface-bound receptor is not essential for HSV-1 entry and spread.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of General Virology","year":2007,"id":594900,"datarank":0.5742962094733643,"base_score":3.828641396489095,"endowment":3.828641396489095,"self_citation_contribution":0.5742962094733643,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5742962094733643,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":45,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1523112,"name":"Christopher O'Donnell","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":800317,"name":"Ronald J. Copeland","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1523113,"name":"Tanya Scarlett","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":959288,"name":"Jian Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-5516-0157","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286249,"name":"Deepak Shukla","orcid":"0000-0002-3039-6953","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":605698,"name":"Vaibhav Tiwari","orcid":"0000-0003-0128-0959","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Soluble 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate can trigger herpes simplex virus type 1 entry into resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells","abstract":"<jats:p>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) interaction with glycoprotein D (gD) receptors facilitates virus entry into cells. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells lacking cellular receptors allow virus to attach, but not to enter, implying a role for receptors during the post-attachment (entry) phase of HSV-1 infection. Here, it is shown that the presence of soluble heparan sulfate (HS) modified by 3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>-sulfotransferase-3 (3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>ST-3), but not by 3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>ST-1, triggered HSV-1 entry into resistant CHO-K1 cells. It was further demonstrated that a CHO-K1 mutant deficient in glycosaminoglycan synthesis became susceptible to entry when spinoculated in the presence of 3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>ST-3-modified soluble HS, indicating that the role of the gD receptor is to trigger entry rather than cell attachment. In separate experiments, 3-<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>ST-3-modified soluble HS also triggered fusion of HSV-1 glycoprotein-expressing cells with CHO-K1 cells. Taken together, these results show that association of gD with cell surface-bound receptor is not essential for HSV-1 entry and spread.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.828641396489095,"endowment":3.828641396489095,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"17374750","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2170126920","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI50050","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI057860","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":0.936,"citation_percentile":0.77180618,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":4},{"year":2013,"count":2},{"year":2015,"count":3},{"year":2016,"count":6},{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2018,"count":4},{"year":2019,"count":3},{"year":2020,"count":4},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":3},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82476-0?crawler=true","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82476-0","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17374750","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments","Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research","Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","Animals","CHO Cells","Cell Fusion","Cricetinae","Cricetulus","Glycosaminoglycans","Heparan Sulfate","Herpesvirus 1, Human","Receptors, Virus","Sulfotransferases","Virus Internalization"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cell Fusion","Cricetulus","Glycosaminoglycans","Cricetinae","Heparan Sulfate","Heparitin Sulfate","Receptors, Virus","Sulfotransferases","CHO Cells","Herpesvirus 1, Human","Virus Internalization"],"keywords":["Chinese hamster ovary cell","Heparan sulfate","Herpes simplex virus","Viral entry","Biology","Receptor","Glycoprotein","Virus","Virology","Cell culture","Hamster","Molecular biology","Cell biology","Cell","Biochemistry","Viral replication"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-27T15:52:02.774930Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}